Monday- movie reviews. Italy's WWII Story-Benito Mussolini- II Duce (1919-1945), Mussolini became more into war during WWI and WWII. Italy after WWI: Italy was very displeased with the treaty of Versailles, wanted to get more land than they got, Italy joined the league of nations and was a member from 1919 until they withdrew in 1937. They also joined the league of nations for 18 years before withdrawing.
Tuesday- Washington Naval Conference: 1921. 5 power pact- signed by Great Britain, the United States, Japan, France, and Italy: it designed to prevent an arm's race, and it limited the construction of battleships, battle cruisers, and aircraft carriers, and it did not restrict cruisers, destroyers, or submarines. 9 power pact: guaranteed Chinese independence and upheld the open door policy (guaranteed equally opportunity to trade with china), the nine countries are united states, japan, china, France, great Britain, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, and Portugal. Kellogg briand pact: countries pledged not to use war as a way to settle disputes. March on Rome (October 1922)- a march by Benito Mussolini 's national fascist party, Mussolini and the Fascists won and took over Italy. King Victor Manuel: did not fight Mussolini's take over in Italy, wanted to avoid a civil war and also wanted to keep communists out of Italy, saw Mussolini as the person that could do these things. Mussolini and the catholic church- in 1929, the Lateran accords were signed: gave the Vatican specific territories in Rome, Catholicism became the state religion, separation of church and state was stopped, recognition of religious marriages for the first time since 1870, and catholic church was given a lot of money. What did Mussolini get? official support from the catholic church. Established Fascism in Italy: a government led by a strong dictator, stressed strong nationalism, militarism, and imperialism. uses intimidation to get what they want, Ethiopia invaded by Mussolini in 1935: Italy lost it's Ethiopia colony in Africa at the 1896 Battle of Adua, one of the worst colonial disasters of modern history, in 1935 Italy sends large forces into Ethiopia.
Wednesday- Italy's Goals in WWII: Italy/Ethiopia invasion- Nov. 18, 1935 League of nations sanctions begins (no trade), Arms embargo, financial embargo, non-importation of Italian goods. Today we have the United Nations and can use military force or send troops to deal with situations. Feb. 29, 1936: FDR signed the 1936 Neutrality Act for United States to not take sides. The Neutrality Act made mandatory arms embargo with warring nations, and mandatory ban on loans to warring nations. May 5th, Italy occupied Addis Ababa- annexed all Ethiopia on May 9th. Generalissimo Grancisco Granco and the Spanish Civil War in 1936: Hitler and Mussolini send troops and weapons to help Franco win the civil war against the communists, and this war served as an important training ground for Hitler's and Mussolini's troops. Rome Berlin Axis 1936. Tripartite Pact is signed forming the Axis powers 1940 with Italy, Germany, and Japan. Main powers were Germany, Italy, and Japan. Italy's Goals in WWII: make a new roman empire, old roman empire was in 96 AD, Make the Mediterranean an "Italian Lake", and Take over Northern African colonies of Britain and France- especially Egypt, take over southeastern Europe, Greece, and Albania, take over parts of the middle east. (what was meant when Mussolini wanted to make Mediterranean a Italian Lake (wanted everything around there). Italy's invasion of Greece in 1940, operation avalanche (went well but not well at the same time) Italy surrendered right away, and the it went kind of bad because Germany moves in and controls most of that land. Italy's gov. is easily defeated. Much of Italy hated Mussolini, Him and his wife were hanged in Milan in 1945 because he tried to escape Italy. Italy and the Holocaust- in 1938 Mussolini instituted laws discrimination the Jews, 46,000 Jews in Italy at the time, After fascists government fell when the US invaded (1943), the Germans moved in and took control and started shipping Jews to camps outside of Italy. Italy allied with Germany and were weak, and that is why they lost. Why did Italy lose? Italy was not prepared militarily to fight a prolonged war, Germany had to constantly bail Italy out, Italian troops were spread to thin through Africa, Mediterranean, Albania, Greece, soviet union, France, battle of Britain. The people of Italy were not prepared to fight or motivated to fight, they were forced to fight, overall just a weak country. Impact WWII had on Italy: 410,000 dead, 330,000 military deaths, Spent $94 billion, Italy joined the allies by 1943 so the big concern for the US was making sure Italy became a democracy after the war and not fall to communism, US gave millions of dollars to Italy (Marshall Plan) to help rebuild after the war, and became a member of NATO (north Atlantic treaty ossociasion) in 1949, also became a member of the United Nations in 1955.
Thursday- Japan in WWII: Battle of Coral Sea- Japan lost. Battle of Midway- Japan lost. areas controlled by Japan during WWII: several regions in china, french Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos), Hong Kong, Thailand, British new guinea, Philippines, Guam, dutch east indies, Portuguese Timor, Malaya (UK), andaman and nicobar islands, straits settlements (Singapore), kingdom of Sarawak, Brunei, north Borneo, Nauru, imphal (India), wake island, Gilbert and Ellice islands, Christmas island (Australia), Attu and Kiska islands (Alaska) . Question: Name an area that japan attacked and took over during WWII? china was to japan as the soviet union was to Germany- the powers pacts/treaty between both, Japan and Germany started out good then lost to china and the Soviet Union. Areas attacked but not conquered: Air raids in Australia, broome, Darwin, Newcastle, and Sydney: British Columbia (Canada), kohima and manipur (india), Colombo an trincomalee (sri lanka(, Dornod (khalkhin gol, Mongolia), United States: Santa Barbara, pearl harbor, midway atoll, fort stevens. Japan in the 1920's: joined the League of nations, signed the 4,5, and 9 power pacts! 4 power pact-US, GB, France, and Japan would respect each other's possessions in the pacific. Power Pact 5- US, GB, France, Italy, and japan would limit naval size. Power pact 9- US, GB, France, Italy, Japan, Belgium, Netherlands, Portugal, and china agree to the open door policy and guarantee Chinese independence, then signed the kellogg briand pact. Japanese invasion of Manchuria (1931).
Friday- NO SCHOOL!
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