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Week of March 20-24

Posted by 4Anna on March 20, 2017 at 8:50am

Monday- WWII movie review/summary

  1. Italy
    1. Benito Mussolini-Il Duce 1919-1945
    2. Displeased with the Treaty of Versailles after WWI
      1. Wanted more land
    3. Joined the League of Nations and was a member from 1919 until they withdrew in 1937
    4. Washington Naval Conference- 1921
      1. 5 power pact
        1. Signed by Great Britain, the United States, Japan, France, and Italy
        2. Designed to prevent an arm's race
        3. Limited the construction of battleships, battle cruisers and aircraft carriers
        4. Did not restrict cruisers, destroyers or submarines
      2. 9 power pact
        1. Guaranteed Chinese independence and upheld the Open Door Policy
        2. Signed by the United States, Japan, China, France, Great Britain, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, and Portugal
      3. Kellogg-Briand Pact
        1. Countries pledged not to use war as a way to settle disputes
    5. March on Rome-October 1922
      1. A march by Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party
      2. Mussolini and the Fascists won and took over Italy
    6. King Victor Emmanuel
      1. Did not fight Mussolini's take over in Italy
      2. Wanted to avoid a civil war and also wanted to keep communists out of Italy
      3. Saw Mussolini as the person that could do these things
    7. Mussolini and the Catholic Church
      1. In 1929, the Lateran Accords were signed
        1. Gave the Vatican specific territories in Rome
        2. Catholicism became the state religion
        3. Separation of church and state was stopped
        4. Recognition of religious marriages for the first time since 1870
        5. Catholic church was given a lot of money
      2. Mussolini got official support from the Catholic Church

Tuesday-

  1. Established Fascism in Italy
    1. A government led by a strong dictator
    2. Stresses strong nationalism, militarism, and imperialism
    3. Uses intimidation to get what they want
  2. Ethiopia invaded by Mussolini- 1935
    1. Italy lost it's Ethiopia colony in Africa at the 1896 Battle of Adua
    2. One of the worst colonial disasters of modern history
    3. In 1935, Italy sends large forces to Ethiopia
  3. Italy/Ethiopia Invasion
  4. November 18, 1935, League of Nations sanctions begin
    1. Arms embargo, financial embargo, non-importation of Italian goods
    2. February 29, 1936, FDR signed the 1936 Neutrality Act
      1. Mandatory arms embargo with warring nations
      2. Mandatory ban on loans to warring nations
    3. May 5, Italy occupied Addis Ababa- annexed all Ethiopia 
  5. Generalissimo Francisco Franco and the Spanish Civil War- 1936
    1. Hitler and Mussolini send troops and weapons to help Franco win the civil war against the communists
    2. This war served as an important training ground for Hitler's and Mussolini's troops
  6. Rome Berlin Axis 1936
    1. Signed by Hitler and Mussolini
  7. Tripartite Pact is signed forming the Axis Powers-1940
    1. Germany, Italy and Japan
  8. Italy's Goals in WWII
    1. Make a new Roman Empire
    2. Make the Mediterranean an "Italian Lake"
    3. Take over northern African colonies of Britain and France, especially Egypt
    4. Take over southeastern Europe-Greece and Albania
    5. Take over parts of the Middle East
  9. Italy invades Albania-1940
  10. Italy invades Greece- 1940

Wednesday- 

  1. Operation Avalanche
    1. 1943
    2. We invaded Italy
    3. Italy surrendered
    4. Italy switched sides
  2. Mussolini and his Mistress, Claretta Petacci, are hanged in Milan, 1945
  3. Italy and the Holocaust
    1. In 1938, Mussolini instituted laws discriminating the Jews
      1. 46,000 Jews in Italy at the time
    2. After the Fascist government fell when the US invaded(1943), the Germans moved in and took control and started shipping Jews to camps outside of Italy
  4. Why Italy lost
    1. Italy was not prepared militarily to fight a prolonged war
      1. Germany had to constantly bail Italy out
    2. Italian troops were spread out- Africa, Mediterranean, Albania, Greece, Soviet Union, France, Battle of Britain
    3. The people of Italy were not prepared to fight or motivated to fight. They were forced to fight
    4. Italy was overall, a weak country
  5. Impact WWII had on Italy
    1. 410,000 dead--330,000 military deaths
    2. spend $94 billion
    3. Italy had joined the Allies by 1943 so the big concern for the US was making sure Italy became a democracy after the war and not fall to communism
    4. US gave millions of dollars to Italy(Marshall Plan) to help rebuild after the war
    5. Became a member of NATO in 1949
    6. Became a member of the United Nations in 1955

Japan

  1. Areas controlled by Japan
    1. Several regions of China
    2. French Indochina(Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos)
    3. Hong Kong
    4. Thailand
    5. British New Guinea
    6. Philippines
    7. Guam
    8. Dutch East Indies
    9. Portuguese Timor
    10. Malaya
    11. Andaman and Nicobar Islands
    12. Straits Settlements
    13. etc. 
  2. Areas attacked but not conquered
    1. Australia
    2. British Columbia
    3. Kohima and Manipur
    4. Colombo and Trincomalee
    5. Dornod
    6. United States
  3. Japan in the 20's
    1. Joined the League of Nations
    2. Signed the 4,5 and 9 Power pacts
      1. 4 power pact- US, GB, France, and Japan would respect each other's possessions in the Pacific
    3. Signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact
  4. Japanese Invasion of Manchuria- 1931
    1. Manchuria provided products that the Japanese wanted
    2. Japan used Manchuria as a  base
    3. Japan dropped out of the League of Nations shortly after invasion
  5. China incident- July 1937
    1. Japan invaded the rest of China

Thursday-

  1. Rape of Nanking -Late 1937-Early 1938
    1. A mass killing of Chinese people (up to 300,000)
    2. Mass raping of Chinese women and girls
    3. Mass looting and arson
    4. Some in Japan have denied that the military killed civilians for no reason
    5. Still causes tension between the two countries today
    6. There was a war crimes trial after the war to try Japanese soldiers for participation
    7. Overall, throughout WWII, Japan killed almost 6,000,000 people--Chinese, Indonesians, Koreans, Filipinos, Indochinese, Western POW's
  2. Quarantine Speech-1937
    1. keep what was happening in Japan, Italy, and Germany from spreading
    2. Given by FDR
  3. Panay incident- December 1937
    1. American gunboat attacked on river in China by Japan
    2. 3 US troops killed, 45 wounded
    3. Japan said it was an accident, apologized and paid US $$
    4. Worsened US-Japanese relations
  4. Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact
    1. The USSR and Japan signed an agreement to not fight one another in April, 1941
    2. Japan considered breaking this once Germany(their ally) invaded the USSR in June, 1941, but did not
    3. The USSR broke this treaty when they declared war on Japan in August 9,1945
  5. Japanese Leaders
    1. Hideki Tojo
      1. Wanted to attack America
    2. Emperor Hirohito
  6. Admiral Yamamoto
    1. said it was a poor decision to attack the US
    2. Came up with the idea to destroy the US navy(bombing Pearl Harbor)
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