Monday- Talked about movies.
Treaty of Versailles- made Germany pay a lot of money for the war. Hitler's background- artist, Nazi, gets thrown in prison, how he came to power. Takes over a lot of land and he was a lier about not taking any more land. Blitzkreig attack- airplanes, tanks. The phony war. Miracle of Dunkirk was the one blessing. Britain never surrendered. Operation sea lion-unternehmen seelowe- invasion by Hitler were they invaded Britain but Britannia had good navy and airplanes. This invasion was postponed so much and eventually never happened. Britain had really good radar/ultra and could tell if anyone was coming to attack. Royal air force helped protect Britain- Luftwagge vs. airforce, Air raid shelters during the blitz. Results-
Tuesday- In May, 1941, Germany decided to focus on attacking British ships and ports and thus stopped attacking cities, British losses around 40,000 civilians dead and 46,000-139,000 injured. German losses 3,363 aircrew and 2,265 air crafts, Britain won by the fact that Germany did not achieve their goals. German Invasion of USSR- June, 1941: final plan for operation Barbarossa, Hitlers invasion on the soviet union, Hitler breaks non-aggression pact and wanted the land for more space to live. Scorched the Earth Policy- Stalin demanded this of the Soviet Troops as they retreated; When the soldiers retreated they burned everything so the enemy couldn't have any of their goods and also the weather and the long supply lines changed the tides of war. Battle for Moscow- the soviet winter counteroffensive December 6, 1941- April 30, 1942; The Russian winter sets in and make is a huge tuning point in the war. A lot of deaths and causalities in this war. Germany didn't have as good as uniforms and the soviets (soviets had winter/better uniforms) But Germany was was better equipped but the soviets had way more troops. Battle of Stalingrad: August 1942, February 1943 and was one of the major turning points, over 1 million dead on each side, Stalin told others not to retreat or else they would be shot and killed for not showing honor to their country. The soviet victory, more than 1,830,000 killed or wounded, more than 11,400 casualties each day, the biggest defeat in the history of the German Army, The turning point not only on the eastern front; but also the turning point of the whole of WWII. Siege of Leningrad: on August 30th, 1941, The Germans took over Leningrad's railroads, cutting them off from the rest of Russia and the world. Unlike the battle of Stalingrad, the Germans surrounded the city to starve the city into submission, Between November 1941 to October 1942, 641,000 people died of starvation, People resorted to eating rats, wall paper paste, and some resorted to cannibalism, A successful Russian counter-offensive at Stalingrad forced the Germans to move troops there and eventually the siege failed. The Germans never took Leningrad, but it was one of the most costly conflicts Russia had ever faced-over one million died. The North Africa Campaign- Gen. Bernard Montgomery (Monty)- Gen. Erwin Rommel the "Dessert Fox".
Wednesday- North Africa 1940-1942 (European powers were taking over Africa. Vichy France- bad France and Hitler let them control land along with him. The Dessert fox is known as a sly and outwitting person. Gen. Erwin Rommel was defeated by Gen. Bernard Montgomery. June 1940 to May 1943 (united states made a big impact on this battle). Operation Torch November 1942: US and British forces invade North Africa, by May 1943, Axis forces surrendered in North Africa, The campaign would now shift to the islands in the Mediterranean Sea and Italy (weakest part of Nazi controlled land). The next step was for the United States to siege Italy. The battle of Silicy to get the island. The Italian Campaign (operation avalanche" Europe's "Soft Underbelly" Italy becomes allies with us because they were tired of Mussolini. The Allies liberate Rome in June 5th, 1944. On June 6th 1944 "D" day happens. The Atlantic Wall: to guard against an Allied invasion of Europe, Adolf Hitler order the laying of millions mines and lines of barbed wire and poured tons of concrete to create a defensive barrier along the western coast of Europe. The plan was a sham because the Germans didn't know exactly where an invasion would occur. yet it cost many allied soldiers their lives to secure the beaches of Normandy. Gen. Eisenhower gives the orders for D-day (operation overload). D-day was on June 6th, 1944; crossing the English Chanel to invade France. Normandy Landing was on June 6th 1944. July 20th 1944 Assassination Plot. The liberation of Paris was in August 25th, 1944. De Gualle in Triumph. The battle of the bulge: Hitler's last offensive Dec. 16, 1944 to Jan. 28, 1945. This battle killed a lot of germans and a lot of americans. US and Russian soldiers meet at the Elbe River (In Germany) in April 25, 1945. Hitler commits suicide on April 30th 1945 right after Hitler's wife and him get married, they die with Cyanide and pistols. V-E (victory in europe) day (may 8th, 1945). Nazi Propaganda- swatiska's, Jews, Pictures of Hitler. The holocaust.
Thursday- The holocaust: the genocide of approximately six million European Jews during World War II. A program of systematic state, sponsored extermination by Nazi Germany throughout Nazi occupied territory. That means that the state government controls this and there is a specific way to kill people. approximately two thirds of the population of nine million Jews who had lived in Europe before the holocaust died. Some say that the definition of the holocaust should also include Nazi's killing millions of people in other groups from Germany and other occupied territory. By this definition the total number of holocaust victims would be between 11 million and 17 million people. Genocide- mass killing of a specific group or targeted group of people. what is genocide?- genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group as such (killing members of the group, causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group, deliberately inflicting on the group condition of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part, imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group, forcibly transferring children of the group to another group. Member countries must "undertake to prevent and punish." What is the Aryan Race- Nazis used term to refer to a so called master race that originated around Germany, Perfect Aryan was blonde, blue-eyed, tall and muscular. Also the original term refers to people speaking a indo-european dialect. Who was inferior according to Hitler?- Jews (6 million dead), Gypsies (romas) (500,000 to 1.5 million), Mentally/physically handicapped people (75,000 to 250,000), Soviet slavs/Pows/troops (16.5 million), Poles (2.5 million dead), Homosexuals (5-15 thousand dead), communists/socialists (many but not confirmed), dark skinned people (death and forced sterilization, Mixed races, and Jehovah's witnesses (2,500-5,000). Lebensborn- Fount of life: Hitler wanted to propagate more Aryan race: The program aimed to promote the growth of "superior" Aryan populations by providing excellent health care and living conditions to women and by restricting access to the deemed fit, houses were set up throughout Germany and many occupied territories, many lebensborn children were born to unwed mothers which helped lead to many rumors of rape, contrary to widespread rumors, women were not forced to have relations with Aryan Germans. Hitler's Jewish Question (1933) what should we do about all the Jews?- Nazi "temporarily" suspend civil liberties for all citizen in 1933- never restored. The Nazis set up the first concentration camp at Dachau in 1933, the first inmates are 200 communists, Jews are prohibited from working civil servants, doctors in the national health service, and teachers in public high schools, most Jewish students are banned from public high schools and colleges (to strip away there future).
Friday- Nuremberg Laws 1935: took away German citizenship from Jews thus making Jews second class citizens by removing their basic civil rights. established membership in the Jewish race as being anyone who either considered themselves Jewish or had three or four Jewish grandparents people with one or two Jewish grandparents were considered to be mixed race. eventually anyone with at least one Jewish grandparents was at risk in Nazi Germany, Jews could only marry Jews, and no sexual relations between non-Jewish Germans and Jews. 1936: Nazis boycott (not go/cut off) Jewish-owned businesses. Kristallnacht 1938 "night of the broken glass": on the nights of November 9 and 10, 1938 the Nazis roamed through Jewish neighborhoods breaking glass/windows of Jewish businesses and homes burning churches and looting. in all 101 synagogues were destroyed and almost 7,500 Jewish businesses were destroyed, 26,000 Jews were arrested and sent to concentration camps, Jews were physically attacked and beaten and 91 died in the attack. 1938- all Jewish children are expelled form public schools in Germany and Austria, Nazis take control of Jewish owned businesses. 1939- Hitler orders the systematic murder of the mentally and physically disabled in Germany and Austria, Jews are required to wear specific armbands or yellow stars. 1940- Nazis begin deporting German Jews to Poland, Jews are forced into ghettos (out of sight, out of mind), Nazis begin the first mass murder of Jews in Poland. Auschwitz (death camp)- a lot of mass killing and they burned bodies. 1941- Jews throughout Eastern Europe are forced into ghettos, in 2 days German units shoot 33,771 Ukrainian Jews at babiyar- the largest single massacre of the holocaust, the death camps increased. 1942- Nazi officials announce final solution their plan to kill all European Jews, five death camps begin operation in Poland: majdanek, sobibor, treblinka, belzec, and Aushwitz-birkenau, ghettos of eastern Europe are being emptied as thousands of Jews are shipped to death camps, the united states, great Britain, and the soviet union acknowledge that Germans are exterminating the Jews of Europe. 1943- Jews in the Warsaw ghetto resist as the Nazis begin new rounds of deportations, these Jews hold out for nearly a month before the Nazis put down the uprising. 1944- Hitler takes over Hungary and begins deporting 12,000 Hungarian Jews. 1945- Hitler is defeated and World War II ends in Europe, the holocaust is over and the death camps are found emptied, many survivors are placed in displaced persons camps until they find a country willing to accept them. Displaced Persons Camps in Austria/Germany/Italy. some 850,000 people lived in displaced person camps across Europe, many different types of groups. 1947- the united nations establishes a Jewish homeland in British-controlled Palestine, which becomes the State of Israel in 1948 (mini war broke out and Israel won). Italy's WWII Story Benito Mussolini- II Duce 1919-1945.
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