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Week of March 13-17

Posted by 1Kara on March 13, 2017 at 8:49am

Monday: talked about WW2 movies and took notes

Scorched Earth Policy

  1. Stalin demanded this of the Soviet troops as they retreated
    1. A military strategy of burning or destroying buildings, crops, or other resources that might be of use to an invading enemy force 

Tuesday: notes

Battle for Moscow

  1. The Soviet Winter Counteroffensive
    1. December 6, 1941--April 30, 1942
  2. The Russian winter sets in and makes a huge turning point in the war

Battle of Stalingrad

  1. August 1942--February 1943
  2. Over a million people on each side fighting 
  3. Results
    1. More than 1,830,000 killed or wounded
    2. More than 11,400 casualties each day
    3. The biggest defeat in the history of the German Army
    4. The turning point not only on the Eastern Front, but also the turning point of the whole of WWII

Siege of Leningrad

  1. On August 30, 1941, the Germans took over Leningrad's railroads, cutting them off from the rest of Russia and the world
  2. Unlike the Battle of Stalingrad, the Germans surrounded the city to starve the city into submission
  3. Between November 1841 and October 1942, 641,000 people died of starvation
  4. People resorted to eating rats, wallpaper paste and some resorted to cannibalism 
  5. A successful Russian counter-offensive at Stalingrad forced the Germans to move troops there and eventually, the siege failed 
  6. The Germans never took Leningrad, but it was one of the most costly conflicts Russia had ever faced
    1. Over one million died

Wednesday: notes

The North Africa Campaign 

  1. June, 1940--May, 1943
  2. General Bernard Montgomery
    1. British general
  3. General Erwin Rommel 
    1. German general
  4. Operation Torch
    1. November, 1942
    2. US and British forces invade North Africa
    3. By May, 1943, Axis forces surrendered in North Africa
    4. The campaign would now shift to the islands in the Mediterranean Sea and Italy

The Italian Campaign 

  1. "Operation Avalanche"
  2. Europe's "Soft Underbelly"
    1. What Churchill called Italy
  3. Allies plan assault on weakest Axis area- North Africa
    1. Nov. 1942--May, 1943
    2. We then decided to turn to the next weakest point (Italy)
  4. George S. Patton leads American troops
  5. Germans trapped in Tunisia surrender over 275,000 troops 
  6. The Battle for Sicily 
  7. The Allies liberate Rome 
    1. June 5, 1944

The Atlantic Wall

  1. Like the Maginot line
  2. Included
    1. Belgian gates
    2. Teller mines
    3. Ramps
    4. Hedgehogs
    5. Walls of barbed wired
    6. Minefields
    7. Pillboxes
    8. Concrete bunkers

D-Day

  1. General Eisenhower gives the orders for D-Day
    1. June 6, 1944
    2. Germany surrendered May 8, 1945
  2. "Operation Overlord"
  3. Normandy landing 

Assassination Plot

  1. July 20, 1944
  2. Major Claus von Stauffenberg
    1. Brought briefcase with bomb in it to meeting with Hitler
    2. Left and bomb blew up
    3. Hitler survived 

Liberation of Paris

  1. August 25, 1944
  2. Paris is free

Battle of the Bulge

  1. Hitler's last major offensive
  2. Created a bulge in the front line
  3. Didn't get to the sea
  4. A lot of deaths occurred 
  5. Bloodiest battle for US against Germany
  6. Occurred in winter 
  7. Dec. 16, 1944--Jan 28, 1945

US and Russian Soldiers Meet at the Elbe River

  1. April 25, 1945 
  2. US agreed to let Russians get into Berlin

Hitler Commits Suicide

  1. April 30, 1945
  2. It was over for Germany 
  3. Hitler did not want to be caught by Russians so he killed himself 

V-E Day

  1. May 8, 1945
  2. V-E 
    1. Victory in Europe
  3. Germany surrenders
  4. War in Europe ends 
  5. Germany signs the armistice 

Thursday: notes

The Holocaust

  1. The genocide of approximately 6 million European Jews during WW!!
  2. A program of systematic state-sponsored extermination by Nazi Germany throughout Nazi-occupied territory 
  3. Approximately two-thirds of the population of 9 million Jews who had lived in Europe before the Holocaust died
  4. Some say that the definition of the Holocaust should also include the Nazis' killing of millions of people in other groups from Germany and other occupied territory 
    1. By this definition, the total number of Holocaust victims would be between 11 million and 17 million 

What is Genocide?

  1. Genocide means any of the following act committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group, such as:
    1. Killing members of the group
    2. Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group
    3. Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part
    4. Imposing measures intended to prevent births withing the group
    5. Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group
  2. Member Countries must "undertake to prevent and punish"

What is the Aryan Race?

  1. Nazis used this term to refer to a so-called master race that originated around Germany
  2. Perfect Aryan was blonde, blue-eyed, tall and muscular 
  3. The original term refers to a people speaking a Indo-European dialect

Who was Inferior According to Hitler?

  1. Jews (6 million dead) 
  2. Gypsies (500,000 to 1.5 million)
  3. Mentally/physically handicapped people (75,000 to 250,000) 
  4. Soviet Slavs/POW's/Troops (16.5 million)
  5. Poles (2.5 million dead)
  6. Homosexuals (5-15 thousand dead)
  7. Communists/socialists (number not confirmed)
  8. Dark skinned people (death and forced sterilization)
  9. Mixed races
  10. Jehovah's Witnesses (2,500-5,000)

Lebensborn-Fount of Life 

  1. The program aimed to promote the growth of "superior" Aryan populations by providing excellent health care and living conditions to women and by restricting access to those deemed "fit"
  2. Houses were set up throughout Germany and many occupied territories
  3. Many Lebensborn children were born to unwed mothers which helped lead to many rumors of rape
  4. Contrary to widespread rumors, women were not forced to have relations with Aryan Germans 

Hitler's Jewish Question (1933)

  1. Nazis "temporarily" suspend civil liberties for all citizens in 1933
    1. Never restored
  2. The Nazis set up the first concentration camp at Dachau in 1933
    1. The first inmates were 200 Communists
  3. Jews are prohibited from working as civil servants, doctors in the National Health Service, and teachers in public high schools
  4. Most Jewish students are banned from public high schools and colleges

Nuremburg Laws (1935)

  1. Took away German citizenship from Jews thus making Jews second class citizens by removing their basic civil rights 
  2. Established membership in the Jewish race as being anyone who either considered themselves Jewish or had 3 or 4 Jewish grandparents
    1. People with 1 or 2 Jewish grandparents were considered to be mixed race
    2. Eventually anyone with at least one Jewish grandparent was at risk in Nazi Germany
  3. Jews could only marry Jews
  4. No sexual relations between non-Jewish Germans and Jews 

1936

  1. Nazis boycott Jewish-owned businesses 

Kristallnacht (1938)

  1. "Night of the Broken Glass"
  2. On the nights of November 9 and 10, 1938, the Nazis roamed through Jewish neighborhoods breaking windows of Jewish businesses and homes, burning synagogues and looting
  3. In all, 101 synagogues were destroyed and almost 7,500 Jewish businesses were destroyed
  4. 26,000 Jews were arrested and sent to concentration camps
  5. Jews were physically attacked and beaten 
  6. 91 died in the attack

Friday: notes

1938

  1. All Jewish children are expelled from public schools in Germany and Austria
  2. Nazis take control of Jewish-owned businesses 

Hitler's Final Solution

  1. Genocide

1939

  1. Hitler orders the systematic murder of the mentally and physically disabled in Germany and Austria
  2. Jews are required to wear armbands or yellow stars

1940

  1. Nazis begin deporting German Jews to Poland
  2. Jews are forced into ghettos
  3. Nazis begin the first mass murder of Jews in Poland

1941

  1. Jews throughout Eastern Europe are forced into ghettos
  2. In two days, German units shoot 33,771 Ukrainian Jews at BabiYar
    1. Largest single massacre of the Holocaust
  3. The death camp at Chelmno in Poland begins murdering Jews

1942

  1. Nazi officials announce "Final Solution"
    1. Their plan to kill all European Jews
  2. 5 death camps begin operation in Poland
    1. Majdanek
    2. Sobibor
    3. Treblinka
    4. Belzec
    5. Auschwitz-Birkenau 
  3. Ghettos of Eastern Europe are being emptied as thousands of Jews are shipped to death camps
  4. The United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union acknowledge that Germans are exterminating the Jews of Europe 

1943

  1. Jews in the Warsaw ghetto resist as the Nazis begin new rounds of deportation
  2. These Jews hold out for nearly a month before the Nazis put down the uprising

1944

  1. Hitler takes over Hungary and begins deporting 12,000 Hungarian Jews each day to Auschwitz where they are murdered 

1945

  1. Hitler is defeated and WWII ends in Europe
  2. The Holocaust is over and the death camps are found emptied
  3. Many survivors are placed in displaced persons camps until they find a country willing to accept them
  4. Some 850,000 people lived in Displaced Person camps across Europe
    1. Armenians
    2. Poles
    3. Latvians
    4. Lithuanians
    5. Estonians
    6. Yugoslavs
    7. Jews
    8. Greeks 
    9. Russians
    10. Ukrainians
    11. Czechoslovaks 

1947

  1. The United Nations establishes a Jewish homeland in British-controlled Palestine
    1. Which becomes the State of Israel in 1948

Italy's WWII Story (1919-1945)--Benito Mussolini 

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