Monday-
Backdoor to War Conspiracy- Japanese said they would withdraw from French Indochina. Japan was stuck in between they wanted to keep invading or to succumb to American stances. Went to war with Germany through the "backdoor".
December 8th Declaration of War on Japan. On December 7, Japan asked Malaya, Hong Kong, Guam, Philippines, Wake Island, Midway Island.
Japan invaded Philippines in 1941-1942. Douglas MacArthur made serious tactical errors in the Philippine campaign that resulted in the destruction of the Philippine Air Force and the US Asiatic Fleet. Roosevelt specifically ordered him to go to Australia.
Bataan Death March- March from Corregidor to Capas, 10,000 Filipinos Died and 650 Americans died during the march. Warm, hot, and horrible. Marching to slave labor camp.
Doolittle's Raid- April, 1942- Bomb Tokyo, Japan. Roosevelt felt that it would help morale. Had to make bombers as light as possible. Impact on American public was great.
Tuesday-
Battle of Coral Sea- Considered to be a US Victory, but was more of a stalemate
Battle of Midway- turning point in the war
Change of tide in the war, turned westward back to Japan. Up until 1942 the US was on their heels.
THe Industrial capacity of the United States was too much for Japan. Battle of Midway the US knew was coming so they were able to do well.
Japan was not expected to win the war after Midway
The US is island-hopping throughout the pacfic ocean. Lots of Japanese soldiers were left on holdout islands.
Lots of amphibious assaults
Kamikazes- suicide planes that ran straight into planes. A desperate move that didn't really change the tide of the war. Island hopping from 1942-1944.
October 1944- Battle of Leyte Gulf- taking back the Philippines, demolished Japanese navy.
September 1944- Douglas MacArthur returns to Philippines.
February- March, 1945- Iwo Jima- Mount Siribachi- planting the flag picture. The islands were being shelled by the ships for a while. Two flag raisings on the mountain.
Summer 1945- Preparing for the invasion of Japan- Operation Downfall- Planned for October 1945- Estimated over 1 million casualties, over 267,000 deaths.
Manhattan Project- 1939-1945. Einstein wrote a letter to President Roosevelt asking to do the Manhattan Project. J. Robert Oppenheimer the leading scientist.
Dropped atomic bomb on Japan. Paul Tibbits was the pilot who dropped the bomb.
Wednesday-
85% of Japanese died on Iwo Jima and 3000 were in hiding.
US lost 14,000 on Okinawa, nearly 90% of Japanese died on Okinawa. Up to 150,000 civilians were killed as well.
Knew that it was not going to be an easy fight on mainland Japan
Almost had women start to fight
35,000 Japanese-Americans that were sent back to Japan to be educated and thousands of those died in the blasts, thousands of US soldiers got radiation poisoning later in life
Hiroshima Bombing went fairly according to schedule without the picture plane. Many people died, those at the epicenter were disintegrated.
A guy survived both blasts- shadows were burned into the ground
Nagasaki- 95% of all deaths were burns, falling debris 9%, flying glass 7%
"Fat Man"- Nagasaki- camera got better pictures for Nagasaki
Didn't see the ground, and landed in a hilly area that did less damage than the others in Hiroshima. Saved lives by making a mistake.
Potsdam Conference- on July 26, the United States, Great Britain, and China issued the Potsdam Declaration, announced the terms for Japan's surrender. "We will not deviate from them. There are no alternatives." -Truman, Potsdam Conference, 1945
Japan must dismantle the current government of Japan (without Emperor Hirohito)
The Allies (US) will occupy Japan
Japan will consist of only the major islands. It will lose all territory gained in WWII and years leading up to it.
Japanese military forces will be disarmed and allowed to return home
Japanese military forces will be disarmed and allowed to return home
There will be war crimes trials for the atrocities committed by Japan throughout WWII
Thursday-
A new constitution would have to be created in Japan that is founded on Democratic principles, as well as respect for fundamental human rights (Japan signed Universal Declaration of Human Rights)
Japan will be allowed to have industry so they can make money to pay war reparations, world trade has been enabled at some point
Allied occupation of Japan will end once Japan accomplishse all of the points
ITALY-
Benito Mussolini (1919-1945 Il Duce)- Expelled from school because he stabbed someone
-Got involved with socialism but eventually got into government campaigning against communism
-Fought in WWI for Italy, and joined the Fascist party afterwards in Italy
-Hit the Paris Peace Conference Italian government for not getting as much in the Paris Peace Conference as they should've
Italy after WWI- Italy felt slighted and very displeased with the Treaty of Versailles- "Big Four" France, Britain, US, and Italy, but it really wasn't.
-Italy joined the League of Nations in 1919 and left in 1937 after the invasion of Ethiopia
-Italy did lots of peaceful things during the period between WWI and WWII
-Kellogg-Briand Pact joined
-March on Rome- October 19222- a march by Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party - Mussolini and the Fascists won and took over Italy
-King Victor Emmanuel did not fight Mussolini's take over in Italy and wanted to avoid a civil war and also wanted to keep communists out of Italy
-In 1929, the Lateran Accords were signed- the Vaitcan were given specific territories in Rome, Catholicism was the official state religion of Italy. Governmental recognition of religious marriages. Catholic church gave a lot of money to Italy. Official support was given from the catholic church.
-A government ran by a strong dictator, stressed strong nationalism, militarism, and imperialism. Wanted to dominate the Mediterranean Sea and Africa- re-establish the Roman Empire
-Used intimidation to get what they want
-Ethiopia invaded by Mussolini in 1935
-Lost and was a colonial disaster of modern history in 1896
-Took over Ethiopia in 1936
Friday-
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