Monday: WWII movies
Tuesday: Notes
- Italy
- 1919-1945
- Italy after WWI
- Italy was very displease with the Treaty of Versailles
- Wanted to get more land
- Italy joined the League of Nations and was a member from 1919 until they withdrew in 1937
- Italy was very displease with the Treaty of Versailles
- 5 Power Pact
- Signed by Great Britain, the US, Japan, France, and Italy
- Designed to prevent an arm's race
- It limited the construction of battleships, battle cruisers and aircraft carriers
- Did not restrict cruiser, destroyers, and submarines
- 9 Power Pact
- Guaranteed Chinese independence and upheld the Open Door Policy
- Signed by the US, Japan, China, France, Great Britain, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, and Portugal
- Kellogg- Brian Pact
- Countries pledged not to use war as a way to settle disputes
- March on Rome
- October 1922
- A march by Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party
- Mussolini and the Fascists won and took over Italy
- King Victor Emmanuel
- Did not fight Mussolini's take over in Italy
- Wanted to avoid a civil war and also wanted to keep communists out of Italy
- Saw Mussolini as the person that could do these things
- Mussolini and the Catholic Church
- In 1929, the Lateran Accords were signed
- Gave the Vatican specific territories in Rome
- Catholicism became the state religion -
- Separation of church and state was stopped
- Recognition of religious marriages for the first time since 1870
- Catholic church was given a lot of money
- What did Mussolini get?
- Official support from the Catholic Church
- In 1929, the Lateran Accords were signed
- Established Fascism in Italy
- A government led by a strong dictator
- Stresses strong nationalism, militarism and imperialism
- Use intimidation to get what they want
- Ethiopia invaded by Mussolini 1935
- Italy lost it's Ethiopia colony in Africa at the 1896 Battle of Adua
- In if the worst colonial disasters of modern history
- In 1935, Italy sends large forces into Ethiopia
- Italy/Ethiopia Invasion
- Nov. 18, 1935 League of Nations sanctions begin
- Arms embargo, financial embargo, non-importation of Italian goods
- Feb. 29, 1936, FDR signed the 1936 Neutrality Act
- Mandatory arms embargo with warring nations
- Mandatory ban on loans to warring nations
- May 5, 1936 Italy occupied Addis Ababa - annexed all Ethiopia on May 9th
- Nov. 18, 1935 League of Nations sanctions begin
- Generalissimo Francisco Franco and the Spanish Civil War
- 1936
- Hitler and Mussolini send troop and weapons to help Franco win the civil war against the communists
- This war served as an important training ground for Hitler's and Mussolini's troops
- Italy's Goals in WWII
- Make a new Roman Empire
- Make the Mediterranean an "Italian Lake"
- Take over northern African colonies of Britain and France
- especailly Egypt
- Take over southeastern Europe-Greece and Albania
- Take over parts of the Middle East
- Italy and the Holocaust
- In 1938, Mussolini instituted laws discriminating the Jews
- 46,00 Jews in Italy at the time
- After the Fascist government fell when the US invaded, the Germans moved in and took control and started shipping Jews to camps outside of Italy
- In 1938, Mussolini instituted laws discriminating the Jews
- Why did Italy lose?
- Italy was prepare militarily to fight a prolonged war
- Germany had to constantly bail Italy out
- Italian troops were spread to thin- Africa, Mediterranean, Albania, Greece, Soviet Union
- The people of Italy were not prepared to fight or motivated
- Over, weak country
- Italy was prepare militarily to fight a prolonged war
- Impact on Italy
- 410,000 dead -- 333,000 military deaths
- Spent $94 billion
- Italy had joined the Allies by 1943 so the big concern for the US was making sure Italy became a democracy after the war and not fall to communism
- US gave millions of dollars to Italy to help rebuild after the war
- Became a member of NATO in 1949
- Became member of United Nations in 1955
- Japan
- Joined the League of Nations
- Signed the 4, 5 and 9 Power Pacts
- 4 Power Pact- US, GB, France, and Japan would respect each other's posessions in the Pacific
- 5 Power Pact- US, GB, France, Italy, Japan, Belgium, Netherlands, Portugal and China agree to the Open Door Policy and guarantee Chinese independence
- Signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact
Wednesday: Notes
Thursday: Notes
Friday: No school
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