Monday: WWII movies
Tuesday: Notes
- Battle of Britain
- Destroy the Royal Air Force
- Attack and destroy
- --
- Royal Air Force- "Never was so much owed by so many to so few"
- Air raid shelters during the Blitz
- In May, 1941, Germany decided to focus on attacking British ships and ports and thus stopped attacking cities
- British losses- around 40,000 civilians dead
- 46,000 - 139,000 injured
- German losses- 3,363 aircrew and 2,265 aircraft
- Britain won by the fact that Germany did not achieve their goals
- German invasion of USSR - June, 1941
- Battle for Moscow
- Soviet Winter Counteroffensive
- December 6, 1941 - April 30, 1942
- Russian winter sets in and make is a huge turning point in the war
- Soviet Winter Counteroffensive
- Siege of Leningrad
- On August 30th 1941, Germans took over Leningrad railroads
- Cut them off from rest of Russia and the world
- Germans surrounded city
- Starved them
- 641,000 people died
- People resorted to eating rats, wallpaper paste and some resorted to cannibalism
- Successful Russian counter-offense at Stalingrad forced the Germans to move troops there
- Seige failed
- Germans never took Leningrad
- Most costly conflicts Russia had ever faced
- Operation Torch
- November, 1942
- US and British forces invade North Africa
- May, 1943 Axis forces surrendered in North Africa
- Campaign would now shift to islands in Mediterranean Sea and Italy
- Liberation of Paris - Aug 25, 1944
- Battle of the Bulge
- Hitler's last offense
- Winter
- 1944
- Hitler Commits Suicide
- April 30th, 1945
- After wedding
- Committed suicide together
- Used cyanide and pistols
- Nazi Propaganda
- Cleaver and popular
- Pictures of leaders
- Tried to make leader seem god-like
- Used children
- Holocaust
- Genocide of approx 6 million Jews during WWII
- Program of systematic state sponsored extermination by Nazi Germany throughout Nazi-occupied territory
- 2/3 of population of 9 million Jews had lived in Europe before Holocaust had died
- Some say def of Holocaust should include Nazi's killing millions of people in other groups
- Total number of Holocaust victims would be between 11 and 17 million
- What is genocide?
- Killing members of a group basked on ethnicity, nationality, race, or religion
- Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of such groups
- Deliberately inflicting on the group
- Imposing measures intended to prevent births within group
- Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group
- What is the Aryan Race?
- Nazis used term to refer to a so-called master race that originated around Germany
- Perfect Aryan was blonde, blue-eyed, muscular
- Who was inferior according to Hitler?
- Jews (6 million dead)
- Gypsies (500,000 to 1.5 million)
- Mentally/ physically handicapped people (75,000 to 250,000)
- Homosexuals (5-15 thousand)
- Dark skinned (death and forced sterilization)
- Mixed races
- Communists / socialists
- Poles (2.5 mil)
- Jehovah Witnesses
- Fount of Life
- Program aimed to promote the growth of superior Aryan populations by providing excellent health care and living condition to women
- Houses were set up through Germany and many occupied territories
- Lebensborn children were born to unwed mothers which helped lead to many rumors of rape
- Contrary to widespread rumors, women were not forced to have relations with Aryan Germans
- Hitlers Jewish Question
- 1933
- Nazi's temporarily suspend civil liberties for all citizens in 1933 - never restored
- Nazi's set up the first concentration camp at Dachau in 1933. First inmates are 200 communists
- Jews are prohibited from working as civil servants, doctors in the National Health Service and teachers in public high school
- Most Jewish students are banned from public schools
- Nuremberg Laws
- 1935
- Took away German citizenship from Jews thus making Jews second class citizens by removing their basic civil rights
- Established membership in the Jewish race as being anyone who either considered themselves Jewish or had three or four Jewish grandparents. People with one or two Jewish grandparents were considered to be mixed race.
- Eventually anyone with at least one Jewish grandparent was at risk in Nazi Germany
- Jews could only marry Jews
- No sexual relations between Non-Jewish Germans and Jews
- Kristallnacht (Night of the Broken Glass)
- 1938
- Night of November 9th and 10th
- Nazis roamed through Jewish neighborhoods breaking windows of Jewish businesses and homes, burning synagogues and looting
- In all, 101 synagogues were destroyed and almost 7,500 Jewish businesses were destroyed
- 26,000 Jews were arrested and sent to concentration camps
- Jews were physically attacked and beaten and 91 died in the attack
- 1938
- All Jewish children are expelled from public schools in Germany and Austria
- Nazis take control of Jewish-owned businesses
- Hitler's Final Solution
- Genocide
- 1939
- Hitler orders the systematic murder of the mentally and physically disabled in Germany and Austria
- Jews are required to wear armbands or yellow stars
- 1940
- Nazis began deporting German Jews to Poland
- Jews are forced into ghettos
- Nazis began the first mass murder of Jews in Poland
- 1941
- Jews throughout Eastern Europe are forced into ghettos
- In two days, German units shoot 33,71 Ukrainian Jews at BabiYar - the largest single massacre of Holocaust
- The death camp at Chelmno in Poland begins murdering Jews
- 1942
- Nazi officials announce "Final Solution" - their plain to kill all European Jews
- Five death camps begin operation in Poland: Majdanek, Sobibor, Teblink, Belzec, and Auschwitz
- Ghettos of Eastern Europe are being emptied as thousands of Jews are shipped to death camps
- The US, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union acknowledge that Germans are exterminating the Jews of Europe
- 1943
- Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto resist as the Nazis begin new rounds of deportation. These Jews hold out for nearly a month before the Nazis put down the uprising
- 1944
- Hitler takes over Hungary and begins deporting 12,000 Hungarian Jews each day to Auschwitz where they are murdered
- 1945
- Hitler is defeated and WWII ends in Europe
- The Holocaust is over and the death camps are found emptied
- Many survivors are placed in displaced persons camp until they find a country willing to accept them
- Some 850,000 people lived in Displaced Person camps across Europe
- Armenians, Poles, Latvians, Russians, Estonians, Jews, Greeks, etc.
- 1947
- The United Nations establishes a Jewish homeland in British-controlled Palestine, which becomes the State of Israel in 1948
Wednesday: Notes
Thursday: Notes
Friday: Notes
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