Monday-
Chapter 14 Notes (continued)
- Romanesque Cathedrals
- Known for having round arches and a heavy roof held up by thick walls and pillars
- Very dark inside as the thick walls had tiny windows that let in little light
- Gothic Cathedrals- Starting in the 1100s
- These cathedrals thrust upward as if reaching toward heaven
- Light streamed in through huge stained glass windows
- Other art was included within the cathedral- sculpture, wood carvings, and stained glass windows
- All of these elements were meant to inspire the worshiper with the magnificence of God
- Problems in the Church
- Three main issues within the Church and one outside:
- 1. Many village priests married and had families
- Such marriages were against Church rulings
- 2. Bishops sold positions in the Church, a practice called simony
- 3. Lay investiture
- Kings appointed church bishops
- Church reformers believed the Pope alone should appoint bishops
- 4. The spread of Islam into Spain and Turkey
- 1. Many village priests married and had families
- Three main issues within the Church and one outside:
- Church Reforms
- The Roman Catholic Church instituted several reforms:
- 1. The Pope sent out ambassadors (Papal Curia) to represent him at European courts and to oversee that area's Bishops
- 2. Canon law and papal courts (Papal Curia) were created to make the rules clear and to address violations of religious law
- 3. Simony and marriage for priests were officially outlaws (although these issues didn't completely go away)
- 4. The church collected tithes (10%) as taxes and used that money to help the poor and to run hospitals
- The Roman Catholic Church instituted several reforms:
- Islam
- History of Islam
- Founded in 622 AD by Muhammad in what is now Saudi Arabia
- Muhammad is considered to be a prophet, a messenger of Allah (God)
- Muslims believe that the Quran is God's word as revealed to the prophet Muhammad (570-632 AD) through the angel Gabriel
- Two Majors Sects (split c. 650 CE)
- Sunni
- Shi'a (or Shiite)
- Founded in 622 AD by Muhammad in what is now Saudi Arabia
- History of Islam
Tuesday- no school (ice day)
Wednesday- The Dark Ages Video
Thursday- The Dark Ages Video
Friday-
Chapter 14 Notes (continued)
- One of the main differences between Sunnis and Shia Muslims is their belief about who the leader should be following the death of Prophet Muhammad
- Sunni, from the Arabic word for "tradition," accepted the succession of Muhammad's elected successors
- The majority of Muslims in the world today are Sunnis
- Shiite, from the Arabic word for "faction," believe that leaders must be descendants of Muhammad through his daughter Fatima and her husband Ali
- They rule Iran and also have a sizable presence in Iraq and Syria
- The Islamic crescent and star is the international symbol for Islam
- Islam means "submission (to Allah)" in Arabic
- "Allah" is an Arabic word which means "the One True God"
- Muslims do not believe that Jesus was the Messiah, although they do believe he was a prophet
- Muslims are people that practice Islam
- The word "Muslim" means one who submits to the will of God, regardless of his/her race, nationality, or ethic background
- Any person who is ready to submit to the will of God is eligible to become a Muslim
- 5 Pillars of Islam
- 1. Shahada (witness) is the Muslim profession of faith
- "I witness that there is no god but Allah, and that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah"
- Muslims say this when they wake up in the morning and just before they go to sleep at night
- 2. Salat (daily prayer) is a prayer ritual performed 5 times a day by all Muslims over the age of 10
- 1. Between first light and sunrise
- 2. After the sun has passed the middle of the sky
- 3. Between mid-afternoon and sunset
- 4. Between sunset and the last light of the day
- 5. Between darkness and dawn
- Face the Kaaba in Mecca, Saudi Arabia
- 3. Sawm (fasting) is abstaining each day during Ramadan
- Ramadam is the holiest day for Islam. It marks when Muhammad had the Quran revealed to him
- Sawm helps Muslims develop self-control, gain a better understanding of God's gits and greater compassion towards the deprived
- Not only is food forbidden between dawn and sunset, but also things like smoking, chewing gum, negative thoughts, and sexual activity
- 4. Zakat (almsgiving)is giving money to the poor
- This is a compulsory gift of 2.5% of one's savings each year
- Giving in this way is intended to free Muslims from the love of money
- It reminds them that everything they have really belongs to God
- 5. Hajj is the pilgrimage to Mecca that all physically/financially able Muslims should make at least once in their life
- Mecca is the most holy place for Muslims
- Takes place during day 8-13 of the 12th month of the Islamic Lunar calendar
- They circle the Kaaba seven times, say prayers, drink from a holy spring, walk to Mount Arafat to pray, feast, cast stones at three pillars (to fight Satan's temptations), shave hair, and run between some hills
- 1. Shahada (witness) is the Muslim profession of faith
- Islamic Law
- Sharia Law outlines laws for Muslims and is based from the Quran
- Many African and Middle Eastern countries' laws are based on Sharia Law
- 5 Major Crimes:
- Theft, highway robbery, intoxication, adultery, and falsely accusing another of adultery
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