Flappers
- Middle class, young, single women
- Steady day jobs
- Carefree, danced the night away
- Vaudeville shows, Jazz Clubs
- Bobbed Hair
- Heavy Makeup
- Short Skirts
- Sheer Silk Stockings
- Cigarettes, Alcohol, Dancing
- Attitude- didn't feel the need to marry and have children age 18-19
Fashion and Fads
- Coco Chanel
- Cloche hats
- Complex jewelry
- High heels about 4 inches
- Ho hips, rising hemline, "Boyish look"
- Floral prints
- Pastel colors
- Beads and feathers
Jazz Dancing
- New fox-trot introduced after WWI
- The Charleston became popular after a musical (Runnin' Wild)
- Texas Tommy- African American- San Francisco to NYC
- Wall street crash ended the Jazz era
- The Shimmy, The Lindy Hop, etc.
Jazz Music
- Louis Armstrong- trumpet
- Duke Ellington- piano
- Big House Band
Harlem Renaissance
- "Empress of the Blues"
- Columbia Records- 1923
- Swing era
- Tragic Death- car accident
- Soulful and Powerful voice
Josephine Baker
- Banana dress
- Chorus girl- 19 yrs old
- "Sex symbol" - often came on stage nude
- First "Marilyn Monroe"
- Exotic Dancing
- Goofy/Cross-eyed photos
Sports
- Boxing and Baseball
- Steroids were more popular among athletes
- Became a pastime post war
- Sports writers became a popular occupation
Babe Ruth
- Most impressive career
- hard-drinking
- Womanizer
- 714 total home runs
Jack Dempsey
- fast combos
- blazing knockouts
- pine gum
- brine-soaked face
Pro Football
- college football was popular, pro, not so much
- August 20, 1920 (APFA to NFL)
- Jim Thorpe- 1st President
- 4 Original teams
- Akron Pros
- Canton Bulldogs
- Cleveland Indians
- Dayton Triangles
Pro Backetball
- wasn't very popular, not very affordable
- ABL- created 1925
- NY Celtics
Broadway
- Very popular
- Buggest industry in NYC
- Gamblers
- Gangsters
- Celebrities
- Chorus girls- sang and danced for entertainment, sort of like Vegas Show Girls
- Typical hangout
- Slang- called chorus girls "tough broad" or "doll"
- Love affairs
- Damon Runyon- most popular Newspaperman- gossip
- Owen Madden- one of the biggest gangsters- "The Killer"
Hollywood
- Charlie Chaplin
- Gloria Swanson
- Popular movies- mostly silent movies
- Some musicals
- Steamboat Willie- Disney
Steel Strike of 1919
- September 21, 1919 to January 8, 1920
- Ohioan led
- Working Conditionslong hours
- low wages
- poor environment
- Walkout of 350,000 workers
- Failure for workers
- Immigrants portrayed wrongly
- Norman Z. Foster- popular man, communist- led violence and deaths
- Thursday- Talk politics, continue presentation
Prohibition
- Ban of Alcoholic Beverages-ban (18th amendment)
- Production
- Importation
- Transportation
- Sale
- Alcohol and IntoxicationCrime
- Murder
- Health problems
- Other negative parts of society
Temperance Movement
- Social movement against consumption of alcohol
- Promotes abstinence
- Movements were mostly run by women- husbands got drunk and beat them
Volstead Act
- Written to enforce 18th Amendment
- President Wilson vetoed, but congress passed it
- Provided penalties for abuse of law
- Bootlegger- illegally made alcohol, hid it in their boots
Gangsters
- Often ControlledLiquor sales
- Gambling
- Prostitution
- Illegally OrganizedBootlegging
- Speakeasies
- Prohibition
- Instead of reducing crime it created a black market
Al "Scarface" Capone
- During Prohibition EraLeader of Chicago mafia
- Multi-million dollar Chicago operation
- Bootlegging, prostitution, and gambling
- Start of becoming a gangster
- Got expelled at age 14 for hitting female teacher
- Met Johnny Torrio
- Led him into becoming a gangster
- Arrested in 1931 for income tax evasion
United Mine Workers Strike
- November 1, 1919
- All over the country
- Low wages
- Long workdays
- Won:27% wage increase
- Shorter workday
- 5 day week
Lohn L. Lewis
- Became leader of United Mine Workers in 1920
- Got 27% wage increase for mine workers
- Viewed as a national hero
- Led campaign for the first Federal Coal Mine Safely ActInspections
- Fines on violations
- Training program
- Benefits
- Friday- Continue Presentation
Womens' Rights
- Women's Suffrage Movement 1848-1920
- 19th amendment- ratified
- Signed by Secretary of State Bainbridge Colby
- The "New Women"Vote
- College
- Work
- Travel
- Divorces during 1920's doubled- women more independent
- Margaret Sanger- opened America's first birth control clinic in 1916
- Founded the American Birth Control League- 1921- now called Planned Parenthood
- *This is about the time when there is starting to be a divide between rural and urban areas
Women's New Dress
- Flappers
- Attitudes
- Clothing and HairIndependent and modern women
- Lots of Makeup
- Average WomenWore loose clothing
- Hair cut in bobs
- Independent and modern
- Cloche hat
Boston Police Strike
- September 9, 1919
- Wanted higher pay and shorter hours
- Police expected to act more professional
- "Illegality is necessary to preserve legality"
- Prompted property damage
- False reports
- People thought it was the spread of Communism
- Allowed to form unions
- Protect and further rights and interests
Politics
- Returned to isolationism
- Went back to focus on ourselves
- WWI ended
- Democrats dominated the South
- Republicans dominate elections
- Prohibition started
- Women fight for rights
Republican Platform:
- Laissez faire- government HANDS OFF
- Rugged individualism- fend for yourself, people should worry about themselves
- Help businesses
- Dominated the 1920's
Trickle Down Theory:
- Benefit American Businesses
- Give tax break to investors and businesses
- Supposed to help everyone
James Cox
- Democratic Candidate- 1920
- From Ohio
- FDR as Vice President
- Still wanted League of Nations
- Tried to help education
- Wanted to help women
Warren Harding
- Republican Candidate- 1920- won
- From Ohio
- Administration gave bribes
- Open about what he could do
- Republican party kept him out of public
- "Return to Normalcy"- exactly what he did
- Lowered taxes and raised tariffs (tax on imported goods)
- Lowered Unemployment
- Established Veteran Bureau
- Died in 1923 from stroke
- Reveals Teapot Dome oil scaandal
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