Monday- No School
Tuesday-
- Problems in the Church
- Three main issues within the Church and one outside
- Many village priests married and had families
- such marriages were against Church rulings
- Bishops sold positions in the Church, a practice called Simony
- People giving Bishops money to get a church job
- Lay investiture
- Kings appointed church bishops
- Church reformers believed the Pope alone should appoint bishops
- The spread of Islam into Spain and Turkey
- Many village priests married and had families
- Three main issues within the Church and one outside
- Church Reforms
- The Pope sent out ambassadors(Papal Curia) to represent him at European courts and to oversee that area's Bishops
- Canon law and Papal courts were created to make the rules clear and to address violations of religious law
- Simony and marriage or priests were officially outlawed(although these issue didn't completely go away)
- Che church collected tithes as taxes and used that money to help the poor and to run hospitals
- Islam
- Muslims are people that practice Islam
- The word "Muslim" means one who submits to the will of God, regardless of his/her race, nationality or ethnic background
- History of Islam
- Founded in 622 AD by Muhammad in what is now Saudi Arabia
- Muhammad is considered to be a prophet, a messenger of Allah
- Muslims believe that the Quran is Gods word as revealed to the prophet Muhammad through the angel Gabriel
- Two major sects
- Founded in 622 AD by Muhammad in what is now Saudi Arabia
Wednesday-
- Two major sects
- Sunni
- Elected Successors
- Shia
- Leaders should be direct descendants of Muhammad
- Sunni
- The Crusades
Work on Crusades powerpoint
Thursday- Work on Crusades powerpoint
Friday-
First Crusade
- Goals
- Pope Urban II wanted military to help aid Byzantine Empire
- Christians wanted to take Jerusalem back from the Muslims
- Each religion wante dto capture areas that were considered "holy" by both regions
- Causes
- Christians wanted to take back holy land known as Israel
- Muslims and Christians did not like eachother
- 1096-1099
- Lasted 3 years
- Occured in Israel, Turkey, Asia-Minor, and other locations throughout Europe
- Caled for by Pope Urban II
- Between Christians and Muslims
- Four armies of Crusaders formed
- From different Western European areas
- Led by Raymond of Saint-Gilles, Godfrey of Bouillon, Hugh of Vermandois and Bohemond of Taranto
- Results
- Christians won most battles agains the Muslims
- Defeated the Muslims in the first crusade
- Resulted in a loss of territory for the Muslims
- Christians took control of Jerusalem and other cities in July of 1099
- Christians then controlled 4 countries within the Byzantine Empire
Second Crusade
- 1147-1149
- Muslims vs. Christians
- Summoned by Pope Eugene III
- Fall of Edessa (Crusader State) led to the need of military reinforcement
- King Louis VII
- Leader of France
- King Conrad III
- Leader of Germany
- Muslim Leaders
- Zangi
- Mosul
- Took place in the city of Demascus
- Impact
- Pope preached the sinfulness of Europe was to blame for loss
Third Crusade
- 1189-1192
- Known as King's Crusae
- King Henry, King Richard, and King Philip II
- Attempt to take back Holy Land
- Crusade was started by capture of Jerusalem in 1187 by Saladin
- People involved
- Kingdom of England
- Kingdom of France
- Holy Roman Empire
- Kingdom of Jerusalem
- Muslims
- Leaders
- Saladin
- Enemy of the English crusaders
- Richard the Lionheart- King of England
- Frederick the First
- Battle of Arsuf
- Battle of Jaffa
- Results
- Saladin was forced to finalize a treaty with Richard providing that Jerusalem would remain under muslim control, while allowing unarmed Christian pilgrims and traders to visit the city
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