January 23rd-Presentations
women's rights continued- the roles of women- the majority of women remained the traditional role of a housewife. the number of women increased by 25% as a result of the work they had undertaken during WW1. roles of women in a workplace included factory workers, secretaries, salesclerks, and telephone operators. The number of women attending college rose 10% of the population at the end of the 1920's. Women's rights in 1920 the 19th amendment was passed by congress which granted the women the right to vote. the right to vote was the focus of women's rights movement and around the world wanted political equality between men and women. the also wanted a reform of property laws, equal guardianship of children, new divorce law, improved working conditions, higher wages, and access to high education. Margaret Sanger founded the American Birth Control League aiming to improve the lives of women and families. Alice Paul was the architect of some of the most outstanding political achievements on behalf of women in the 20th century. Alice Paul dedicated her life to the single cause of securing equal rights for all women.
Economy and Strikes-
Age of inventions- washing machine, vacuum cleaners, model T's. There was mass production of inventions including Model T's. There was tremendous prosperity. The Mass-consumption economy, depression of farmers did well in WW1 years and did worse later. Stock market- financial investment that builds wealth for people by them buying stocks. Financial Instrument, Building wealth. Companies ask people to buy in the stock and it raises money for their expansion, raises company supply and demand. Buying on credit- buy something new and pay for it later (for people who couldn't afford something right away) Cars were always on credit. For certain people who could pay. Tariff- a tax on imported goods there were more options and the tariffs were high. Tariff helps protected businesses. In 1920's we had a high tariff and it helped protect businesses and got people to want to but american goods. GDP- goods and services produced by country every year. Strikes ex. Boston Police Strike, US steel strike, and United Mine Workers Strike. Boston Police strike in 1919 Boston police wanted to form unions and they weren't aloud so they went of strike. Harvard faculty volunteers to help with this problem. Militia, Calvin Coolidge. They went on strike to gain higher wages to adjust for wartime inflation more than 1,100 officers. There were many riots and the police who rioted ended up not getting their job back. The US steel strike n 1919 over 300,000 mine workers were on strike and they were working on war time needs and there was an inflation so they weren't given much pay. It was from September 1919 to January 1920. American federation labor controls labor and how much people get payed. the national guards had to come in to stop the riots, happened in Ohio. There were political advancements and Teddy Roosevelt advanced his reputation by helping stop this. The united mine workers of 1902. They were getting paid very little it was over in Bituminous and anthracite over in Virginia. TR helped his political advancements. The miners wanted more pay and shorter hours and this happened on May 12, 1902.
January 24th/25th
Red Scare- America's fear of communists, socialists, and immigrants were going to take over American government. Fears started to rise when people found out about spies selling U.S. gov. secrets to the soviets. Causes- The Bolshevik (communists and revolution that got Russia out of war and the name was changed into...) Revolution was taking place (immigrants from Russia were going to come to American) communist- making everything equal for everybody. The rich does not need all the money. promoted equality and you didn't want to be called this name. Socialist- promote the same beliefs. Attorney General Palmer took the law into his own hands and started raiding homes, clubs, union halls, and coffee shops. Result in 5,000 people were held in hail and not allowed to call anyone and got treated terribly. Most of the people deported did nothing wrong. America didn't want any immigrants in the U.S. so they created anti-immigration acts. immigration act of 1917- people from the eastern Asia and Europe were forbidden to come to the U.S. Immigration Act of 1921- limited the number of immigrants that came to the U.S. Immigration Act of 1924 made each person that cam into the U.S. pay for a visa (9-10 dollars) the acts made less and less people come to america . Sacco and Vanzetti case- two men were immigrants that robbed Slater and Morrill shoe factory and killed Frederick parmenter (payroll clerk) and Alessandro Berardelli (security guard). even though there was no evidence that they did it, the reason why this was a very big deal was because they were Italian immigrants that were anarchists (didn't believe in gov) and radicals (some that has extreme views).
Harlem Renaissance (rebirth of african american culture) and the KKK- cultural, social, artistic was for black people mostly and it took place end of World War 1- middle of the 1930's (1935). In the H R many people present included writers, artists, musicians (noteably louis armstrong) , photographers, and scholars. Harlem is in new york. Where the people are from are mostly from the south. The fled caste system (white people being superior and blacks not being superior) in order to find a place to freely express their talents. It was also known as the Great migration. The black people were not welcomed because of color, they were a little bit appreciated for their musical talents. Famous people- Langston Hughes (poet), Claude McKay (writer and poet), Countee Cullen (poet, author, and scholar), Arna Bontemps (poets, novelist, and librarian), Sora Neale Hurston (novelist, short story writer, folklorist (stories that have passed down through generations), and anthropologist), and Louis Armstrong (famous jazz musician, skilled scat singer). Great migration- african americans moved to the big cities. KKK it was a hate group. where did it start- it started on march 3rd, 1866 in the southern united states. they hated on african americans, catholics, jews, and immigrants. they were after something called white power and often committed violent acts such as killing people. yes there are still klu klux klans today and the followers wear white and the leader wears red. protistant- non catholic christian.
Politics- there were more democrats in the south and republicans in the north. At this time Iowa was the same as California (13) and more than Florida (6). The republican canidate was Warren G. Harding. He was the 29th president, he was a senator, He was from Ohio, his quote was "return to normalcy", he was energetic, he used the term "america first", he passed child welfare, he was to pass something to make unemployment less, and he never got a bill passed with African Americans but wanted to. Democratic candiate was James. M Cox he was a govener and newspaper publisher, he wanted to fight domestic issues and fights like inflations, women's rights, income tax. Teapot Dome Scandal- was oil and in a rock formation in Wyoming and big oil companies tried to bribe to gov. (gov. owned land)for the oil. It ruined Harding's reputation (he died from stress from this scandal). 1924 election. Wisconsin was third party there was split between north and south. republican was more north and democrat for south. Calvin Coolidge was the 30th president, he was a lawyer from vermont. also a governor of massachusetts. He wanted to modernized ,corruption taxes, indian citizen acts. He was very popular because he was more for the people and in the 1920's the economy was good. His nickname was silent cal. John W. Davis was a american politician and was a U.S. Rep. he was an ambassador of Great Britain. He seized national steel mills in Great Britain. The election of 1928 many of the united states become more republican and only 6 states are democratic. Herbert C. Hoover was the 31st president, failed to recognize how bad the economy was becoming, mining engineer, he was from Iowa, he lead economic recovery , and he advocated stronger labor laws (he was unpopular and he didn't do enough). Alfred Smith was an urban speaker, he was the leader of PM and he was big on anti prohibition (he didn't like prohibition)
January 26th-
Politics- Alfred Smith was a catholic (back then it was a big deal to be a catholic president and that is pry why he lost). Normalcy and isolation- about the same things and its when you stay out of other countries problems, you have agreements and diplomacy's, and there is peace and order. Trickle Down Theory: gains tax breakers, other financial business, and helps economy grow. Rugged individualism- all individualism should pull own weight. Laissez-Faire means leave it alone, the gov. let things take their own course and sometimes causes madness. (know all of these terms).
The Automobile- cars were mostly for the rich people until the Model T came out. The model T was popular between 1908-1927. It was a very cheap care that was $250 and today would equal $3,128. About 40% of all the cars that were driven were model T's. They go about 45 MPH and about 15,000,000 of cars were made. It was about 850 before the assembly lines came in. All of the Model T's were black because it was really cheap to make them all of the same color. Tin LIzzie (was the most popular nick name) - It had about 20 horse power, 10 gallon fuel tank, hand crank starter, it weighed about 1200 pounds and that was about half of the weight of today's cars. All outer shell was made out of tin. General Motors was another major industry: it's cheapest car was $680 which would equal $8,686 today. GM, should offer not cheaper cars but better quality). They used aesthetic and had rounded body lines and a shorter roof. With this brand there was a variety of colors do to lacquer pains. Chrysler was another head manufacturer and its cheapest car $995 which today would equal 12,199. It got to go up to 70 MPH and with this car they started hydraulic brakes (considered a theory). They started the replaceable oil filters, and they had a rubber engine mount to not shake the car so much, along with an electric start and contour glass. There was Cadillac, Buick, Chevrolet, Oldsmobile, and Pontiac. one of the most Impactful inventions- cars started becoming easier to get because cars became cheaper and buying on credit became a thing.
Electricity in the homes and new appliances- History of electrical light bulbs: first discovery electricity in 600 BC. (static electricity), Thomas Edison made the first long lasting reliable light bulb in 1879, Ben Franklin proved lightning= electricity by flying a kite with a key tied to it in a thunderstorm. Used electricity- vacuum cleaners, refrigerators, and washing machines. In 1924 there was about 2/3 of american houses had it and 1/2 refrigerators sold= electric. In the 1880's electricity it was small, in cities not a lot of power. 1920: 35% electricity. 1930: 68% Am homes had electricity. 1930: 10% of Am farmers and electricity power. In 1935 electricity brought to rural areas.
January 27th-
Electricity in homes and new appliances- washing machines back then were 81.50 to 250 to now 2,000. The vacuum back then was 28.95 to 50 to 900. Today there are many more advancements including toasters, advanced refrigerators, microwaves, advanced washing and drying machine, and ovens. People used candles before light and had to refill so often.
Charles Lindbergh, amelia Earhart, and airplanes- The first airplane flight was in 1903 by the Write Brothers, in the 1920's after the war planes were very popular and were used as transportation, shipping, and entertainments, used in World War 1 for the first time in battle. Airplanes and entertainment- In the 1920's airplanes were famous for shows, a lot of people watched shows where people stood on the wings during flight, entertainment was one of the more popular used for the planes. Amelia Earhart was born July 24th, 1897, Amelia was the first female pilot to fly solo access across the Atlantic ocean, she tried to fly over over the Pacific Ocean in 1937 but disappeared, she was only the 16th women issued a pilots license, she was legally declared dead in 1939. Charles Lindbergh- born on February 4th 1902, charles was the first pilot to fly across the Atlantic ocean solo and non stop, the trip from new York to pairs took 33.5 hours, he was previously a barn stormer . He was a pilot in the army and was the best in his class then flew mail from St. Lewis to Chicago. His baby was kidnapped and killed. He was a nazi, pro german.
Comments