Week of February 5-9

Monday-

Norman Conquest 1066

Normans defeat Harold and the Anglo-Saxons in the Battle of Hastings
William unified the country of England
English Kings tried to Achieve two goals
- They wanted to hold and add to their French lands
- They wanted to strenghten their own power over the nobles and the Church
Common Law became the basis of English law
- Decisions made by english judges over the centuries added to this law
Due to the terrible leadership of King John Softsword the Magna Carta was written
- Reluctantly signed by King John because it limited the kings power
- Guaranteed people certain political rights
  - No taxation without representation
  - Jury trial
  - Protection of the law
- The English Parliament got it's start with the next English King, Edward

The Great Schism

1378-1417
Two popes- later there were three
- Rivals
King Philip IV pursuaded the College of Cardinals to choose a French archbishop as the next pope
- Chosen as pope but was soon not supported
Clement V was selected and he moved the papacy to the French city of Avignon
Both popes excommunicated eachother
Popes vs. Kings 1300's
- Age of Faith
  - Religion was extremely important to people
- Pope Boniface VIII vs. King Philip IV of France
- Philip said he had authority over bishops in France
- Pope Boniface said that kings had to obey popes
- Philip captured Boniface and held him prisoner
- Boniface was rescued but died soo after
- After this, Kings would not longer feel the need to obey popes
Clement VII seclected as second pope
Pope Urban VI selected as first pope but lost support due to his attitude
1414- new pope was elected
- Alexander V(antipope)
With the help of the holy roman emperor, all three popes resigned
1417
- new pope
- Martin V
- Ending great Schism

John Wycliffe

Critic of the church
Preached that Jesus, not the pope, was the true head of the Church
Believed that the pope and clergy focused too much on wealth and power
Believed that the clergy shoudn't own land or be wealthy
Taught that the Bible alone, not the pope, was the final authroity for Christian life
Helped get an English translation of the New Testament of theBible
Followers were the Lollards and was the precursor to Protestant Reformation

Jan Hus

Critic of the Church
Infuenced by Wycliffe
Thought the authority of the Bible was higher than the pope
Excommunicated in 1412 and in 1415 was burned at the stake for being a heretic
His followers were known as Hussites

Tuesday-

The Hundred Years War

1137-1453
Between England and France
Causes
- Three kings
- France
  - Edward III
    - Nephew of previous king
  - Philip VI
    - Cousin of previous king
    - Became king
Goals
- England to overtake French Throne
- William the Conqueror/ Duke of Normandy
  - King of England
- France to defend
  - Broke apart in civil war
  - Burgundy and Armagnacs
- Battles of French Land
Major Battles
- Battle of Crecy
  - 1346
  - Fought in the Village fo Crecy in France
  - French lost despite having more men
- Battle of Poitiers
  - 1356
  - Fought near Poitiers
  - Edward the Black Prince defeated a more superior French army
  - French king, John II was captured and taken to England
  - Released after agreeing to pay a large ransom
- Battle of Agincourt
  - 1415
  - King Henry V led the English to a victory despite being outnumbered
  - Last battle won by the English before the war started to turn in favor of the French
- Seige of Orleans
  - 1428
  - 17 year old French peasant, Joan of Arc led a French army
  - Said she was told by Christian saints to lead a French army
  - Took back city of Orleans
- Battle of Castillon
  - 1453
  - Ended the war- France won
  - Peace treaty was never signed
  - French took back all of France except Calais
Lasted 116 years and killed over 1,500,000 people
Bordeaux surrendered
Calais only english ruled area

Hundred Years War

A war between France and Britain that lasted form the middle of the fourteenth century to the middle of the fifteenth century. The kings of England invaded France, trying to claim the throne.

When the last french capetian king died , England's Edward III, claimed the right to the French throne

The war that Edward III launched continued on and off from 1337-1453

The war was not continuous and victory went back and forth

1421-1453, French drove the English out of France

Wednesday-

Joan of Arc Video

France Won

Why
- France, as a national entity, was created during this war
- Joan of Arc helped strengthen French nationalism
- French were able to avoid conflicts for long periods of time
- England was never able to deliver that knockout punch
- France had more allies than England
- France fough on their own land
- England was bankrupt
Impact
- A feeling of nationalism emerged in England and France
  - People thought of the king as a national leader, fighting for the glory of the country, not simply a feudal lord
- The power and prestige of the French monarch increase since they won
- The English suffered a period of internal problems known as the War of the Roses, in which two noble houses fought for the throne

Thursday- Bloodmobile

Friday- Chapter 14 Test

Blogs

Week of February 5-9

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