Week of February 29th-March 4th

Monday: Started WWII presentations

Tuesday: WWII notes

Wednesday: WWII notes

Thursday: WWII notes

Friday: WWII notes

WWII Notes

United States in WWII
- Allied Powers
  - Main Powers
    - Great Britain, Soviet Union, United States, China, France
  - Latin America
    - Argentina, Bolivia, México, Paraguay, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rico, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Ecuador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Peru
  - Europe
    - Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Greece, Norway, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Poland, San Marino, Turkey, Yugoslavia
  - Africa
    - Egypt, Ethiopia, Liberia, South Africa
    - Asia/Other
      - China, India, Iran, Iraq, Mongolia, Canada
- US after WWI
  - US never signed the Treaty of Versailles
    - Wilson(Democrat) vs. Congress (REpublican controlled)
    - Join the League of Nations or go back to isolationism?
  - Republican Warren Harding won the 1920 presidential election with a promise to "Return to Normalcy"
  - The US went back to focusing on American in the 1920's and 1930's
  - Neutrality in General
    - The Neutrality Acts were passed by the US in the 1930's in response to the issues in Europe and Asia that eventually led to World War II
    - They were caused by the desire to be isolationist in the US
    - US had following WWI
    - Passed to ensure that the US would not become involved in conflicts (war)
    - US had a very strong isolationism in the past
  - US Neutrality Acts during 1930's
    - Neutrality Act of 1935- stop trading with countries at war
    - Neutrality Act of 1936-stop loaning money to countries at war
    - Neutrality Act of 1937-cash and carry system- weapons not included
    - Neutrality Act of 1939-cash and carry system-weapons included
  - Panay Incident-December 1937
    - American gunboat attacked on river in China by Japan
    - 3 U troops killed, 45 wounded
    - Japan said it was an accident apologized and paid US $$
    - Worsened US-Japanese relations
  - Bases for Destroyers
    - Passed in September, 1940 between the US and Great Britain
    - Fifty US destroyers were given to Great Britain in exchange for land rights (for 99 years) on British colonies for naval or air base purposes
    - Newfoundland, eastern side of the Bahamas, southern coast of Jamaica, western coast of St. Lucia, west coast of Trinidad, Antigua, British Guiana and Bermuda were the areas the US received
  - End of the US Neutrality-Lend Lease Act
    - The end of neutrality for the US came with the Lend-Lease Act, passed in March 1941
    - This act allowed the U.S. to sell, lend or give war materials to nations the US wanted to support
    - US gave $50 billion($650 billion today) to Allied nations throughout the war
  - Selective Training and Service Act
    - Passed in September, 1940 and ended in 1947
    - Required that men between the ages of 21 and 35 register for the draft
    - Extended to all men aged 18 to 45 once US entered war
    - First peacetime draft in US history
  - How did the Draft Work?
    - Numbers put in a fishbowl and picked
    - Each person had a their own number
  - Atlantic Charter
    - Signed in August 1941 between the US (FDR) and Great Britain (Churchill)
    - Defined the Allied goals for the post war world
      - Many similarities to WIlson's 14 points
  - Pearl Harbor- December 7, 1941
    - The figured US was going to get in war
    - Japan wanted to knock up out before we got into the war
    - So er would stay out of war and force us to give oil to them
    - Backfired
    - 3 wave plan- only two were carried out
  - USS Arizona Memorial
    - The names of the Arizona's dead are engraved into the ship
- FDR's Message
  - Pearl Harbor was not the only area Japan attacked on December 7
  - "Yesterday the Japanese Government also launched an attack against Malaya."
  - "Last night Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong>"
  - "Last night Japanese forces attacked Guam."
- Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?
  - After Japan invaded French Indochina in 1940, US stopped trading with Japan
  - Japan signed the Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact in April, 1941 guaranteeing that Japan and USSR would not go to war
  - Japan realized they needed US trade to be successful
  - Only way to force US' hand was to hit them hard in a surprise attack forcing them out of the war
  - Japan knew that this plan was huge risk, but thought it was the only way to defeat US
  - Plan backfired. Instead, Japan "awake a sleeping giant"
- Backdoor to War Conspiracy
  - Discussed as a class
Great Britain
- Churchill
  - Background
    - Born November 20, 1847 and died at age of 90 in 1965
    - Was sent to boarding school near London
    - 1893 headed off to military school (after become a journalist)(age 26 published 5 books)
    - He took the place as prime minister in 1940
  - Came to Power
    - Gained more members in his conservative party
  - How he lost power
    - Attlee won all the votes in 1945 election
    - Right after he lead the allies to victory
- Attlee
  - Came to power
    - Won the 1945 election
- Chamberlain
  - Came to power
    - Lead Britain in the first 8 months of WWII
    - Was seen as weak gave in to the demands of Hitler and they lost respect for him
- Major Battle Weapons/Stragegies
  - BF 109
  - BF 110
  - Bombers
  - Hurricane Mkl
  - Pitfire Mkl
  - Strategies
    - Never surrender to the Germans
    - Surviving the German bombing campaigns be fighting the German bombers
    - Churchill idea to defeat Germany by defeating them in Africa then up through Italy
- Major Events
  - London Naval Conference
    - 1930
    - Was the third in a series of five meetings
    - Formed with the purpose of placing limits on the naval capacity of the world's largest naval powers
  - League of Nations
    - Formed in 1920
    - Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland
    - Created after the First World war to provide forum for resolving international disputes
  - World War 1 Payments
    - Germany had to pay Great Britain payments to help them repair all of the damage
    - They had to pay Great Britain about 34 billion
    - Germany hd to the pay a total of 132 billion Reichsmarks for the damage that was done
  - Washington Naval Conference
    - Between 1921-1922
    - The world's largest naval powers gathered in Washington, D.C. for a conference to discuss the naval disarmament and way to relieve growing tensions in East Asia
  - Munich Conference
    - September 28-29th, 1938
    - Leaders of the Great Britain, France and Italy agreed to allow Germany to annex certain areas of Czechoslovakia
  - Kellogg Briand Pact
    - 1928
    - An agreement to outlaw war
    - Signed on August 27th, 1928
    - "Pact of Paris"
- Basic Facts
  - Alliances
    - United States
    - China
    - Soviet Union
    - Denmark
    - France Australia
    - Greece
    - Mexico
    - Belgium
    - Bolivia
    - Canada
  - Casualties
    - Military- 326,000
    - Civilian- 62,000
  - Deaths
    - Military- 452,000
    - Civilian- 60,000
    - Allies- 44 Million Total
  - Cost
    - 1945- $120 billion
    - Would cost $1,260,------
  - War Goals
    - Stop Hitler
    - Survive
    - Win
- Major Battles
  - The Battle of North African
    - June 10, 1940 to May 13, 1943
    - Suez Canal, oil in the middle east, and materials from Asia
    - Britain dependent on oil
  - Battle of Britain
    - July 10, 1940
    - Germany and Hitler conquered Europe
    - Great Britain was left to conquer
    - Germany was bombing Great Britain
    - Great Britain (Royal Air Force)
    - Allies won (because of the radar so the could attack Hitler become they arrived)
  - Battle of Italy
    - September 3, 1943-1944
    - U.S. Great Britain planned to invade
    - PLan was to get Italy out of the war
    - Italy surrendered, Allies won
- People/General Who had Major Impact
  - Winston Churchill (prime minister of Britain
  - Marshal Hugh Dowding (air chief)
Great Britain Bruns Notes
- After World War I
  - Further expansion o the British Empire
  - The independence of Ireland
  - General strike in 1926
- 1920's
  - Signed the 4 (Washington Naval Conference), 5, and 9 Power Pacts
  - Joined the League of Nations
  - Signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact
  - Great Depression
    - Largest economic depression of the 20th century in UK
    - American markets crashed in 1929
    - Huge unemployment rate
- 1930's Road to War
  - Signs of threat from Germany
  - Neville Chamberlain's policy of appeasement
- World War II
  - War declaration of Germany in 1939
  - Winston Churchill's appointment to prime minister
  - Evacuation of British soldiers from Belgium
- Battle of Britain (10 July- 31 October 1940)
  - Hitler wanted air superiority over Royal Air Forces and Britain
  - The Luftwaffe targets RAF airfields and raids cities
  - The British people show great resistance to the assault
  - germany fails to destory British air defences

Blogs

Week of February 29th-March 4th

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