Monday- Discussed forum posts. Watched leap year video. Started presentations over WWII countries.
United States-
Major events between WWI and WWII-
- Kellogg- Briand Pact
- London Naval Conference
- League of Nations
- Neutrality acts of '35, '36, '37,'39
- Lend Lease Act
Basic Facts
- Belonged to the Allied powers
- We lost about 300,000 battle deaths
- War costed us billions of dollars
- War goals
- Stop Germany first
- Then stop Japan
Tuesday- Continued discussion over the US in WWII
- Allied powers
- Great Britain
- Soviet Union
- United States
- France
- China
- Mexico
- Brazil
- Colombia
- Panama
- Canada
- Australia
US After WWI
- US never signed the Treaty of Versailles
- Wilson(Democrat) vs Congress(Republican controlled)
- Join the League of Nations or go back to isolationism
- Republican Warren Harding won the 1920 Presidential election with a promise to "Return to Normalcy"
- The US went back to focusing on America in the 1920's and 1930's
Washington Naval Conference-
- 4 Power Pact (previous notes)
- 5 Power Pact (previous notes)
- 9 Power Pact (previous notes)
- Kellogg-Briand Pact (previous notes)
Neutrality in Gerneral
- The Neutrality Acts were passed by the US in the 1930's in response to the issues in Europe and Asia that eventually led to WWII
- They were caused by the desire to be isolationist in the US following WWI
- Passed to ensure that the US would not become involved in world conflicts
- US had very strong history of isolationism
US Neutrality Acts during 1930's
- Neutrality Act of 1935- stop trading with countries at war
- Neutrality Act of 1936- stop loaning money to countries at war
- Neutrality Act of 1937- Cash and Carry System- weapons not included
- Neutrality Act of 1939- Cash and Carry System- weapons included
Quarantine Speech- 1937
- Peaceful countries need to come together to keep the aggressive countries quarantined and stop those countries from expanding
Panay Incident- December 1937
- American gunboat attacked on river in China by Japan
- 3 US troops killed, 45 wounded
- Japan said it was an accident, apologized and paid US $$
- Worsened US-Japanese relations
Bases for Destroyers-
- Fifty US destroyers were given to Great Britain in exchange for land rights on British colonies for naval or air vase purposes
- Newfoundland, eastern side of Bahamas, southern coast of Jamaica, western coast of St. Lucia, west coast of Trinidad, Antigua, British Guiana, and Bermuda were the areas the US received
End of US Neutrality- Lend Lease Act
- The end of neutrality for the US came with the Lend-Lease Act, passed in March, 1941
- This act allowed the U.S. to sell, lend or give war materials to nations the US wanted to support
- US gave $50 billion ($650 billion today) to Allied nations throughout the war
Selective Training and Service Act
- Passed in September, 1940 and ended in 1947
- Required that men between ages or 21 and 35 register for the draft
- Extended to all men aged 18-45 once US entered war
- First peacetime draft in US history
Atlantic Charter-
- Signed in August 1941 between the US and great Britain
- Defined the Allied goals for the post-war world
- Many similarities to Wilson's 14 points
Pearl Harbor- December 7, 1941
Wednesday- Free day
Thursday- Continued discussing America in WWII
FDR's War Message
- Pearl Harbor was not the only area Japan attacked on December 7
- Japanese government attacked many small islands of US territory
Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?
- After Japan invaded French Indochina in 1940, US stopped trading with Japan
- Japan signed the Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact in April, 1941 guaranteeing that Japan and USSR would not go to war
- Japan realized they needed US trade to be successful in war
- Only way to force US' hand was to hit them hard in a surprise attack forcing them out of the war
- Japan knew that this plan was a huge risk, but thought it was the only way to defeat US
- Plan backfired. Instead, Japan "awoke a sleeping giant"
Backdoor to War Conspiracy
- Roosevelt wanted to get into the war, but the Americans did not back that up
- Attack through the backdoor (Pacific Ocean)
- Roosevelt pushed Japan into a corner to make them attack us to get us into the war
- A lot of people feel that we could've worked things out with Japan, but we didn't try to and caused them to attack us
Friday- Continued presentations on countries involved in WWII
Important Leaders-
- Churchill (Prime minister during most of the war)
- Attlee (Won the 1945 election)
- Chamberlain (Prime minister of Great Britain at the beginning of the war)
- Marshal Huch Dowding (air chief)
Battle Strategies-
- Never surrender to Germany (surviving)
- Focus on defeating Germany and Italy first in Africa and then up through Italy
Major Events-
- London Naval Conference
- Planned to place limits on the naval capacity of the world's largest naval powers
- League of Nations
- Created after WWI to provide a forum for resolving international disputes
- Germany had to pay 132 billion Reichsmarks for the damage that was done
- Washington Naval Conference
- Discussed naval disarmament and way to relieve growing tensions in East Asia
- Munich Conference
- Agreed to allow Germany to annex certain areas of Czechoslovkia
- Kellogg Briand Pact
- Agreement to outlaw war
Basic Facts
- Alliances-
- US, France, Soviet Union, and China were the main allies
- Cost-
- 1945- $120 billion
- 2015- $1.6 trillion
- War goals
- To stop Hitler
- Survive
- To win
Major Battles-
- The Battle of North Africa-
- June 10, 1940- May 13, 1943
- Suez Canal, oil in the middle east, and materials from Asia
- Britain dependent on oil
- Battle of Britain
- July 10, 1940
- Germany and Hitler conquered Europe
- Great Britain was left
- Germany was bombing Great Britain
- Great Britain (Royal Air Force)
- Allies won (radar)
- Battle of Italy
- September 3, 1943-1944
- U.S. and Great Britain planned to invade
- Plan was to get Italy out of the war
- Italy surrendered,
After World War I
- Further expansion of the British Empire
- The independence of Ireland
- General strike in 1926
The 1920's
- Signed the 4,5,and 9 Power Pacts
- Joined the League of Nations
- Signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact
The Great Depression
- Largest economic depression of the 20th century in UK
- American markets crashed in 1929
- Huge unemployment rate
1930's
- Signs of threat from Germany
- Neville Chamberlain's policy of appeasement
World War II
- War declaration on Germany in 1939
- Winston Churchill's appointment to prime minister
- Evacuation of British soldiers from Belgium
Battle of Britain
- Hitler wanted air superiority over RAF and Britain
- The Luftwaffe targets RAF airfields and raids cities
- The British people show great resistance to the assault
- Germany fails to destroy British air defence
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