Week of February 13th-17th

[5Nicole]

Monday- watched a video

Tuesday- went home sick

Wednesday-

Thursday- no school

Friday- no school

• • • he Great Schism (Western Schism) 
      • King Philip IV persuaded the College of Cardinals to choose a French archbishop as the next pope (1305)
      • Clement V was selected and he moved the papacy to the French city of Avignon
      • Popes would live there for the next 69 years
      • The move to Avignon weakened the church so the College of Cardinals eventually chose a Roman pope due mostly to people's demands
      • Pope Urban VI became the new pope but he was not supported soon thereafter by the College of Cardinals due to his attitude
      • So, the College of Cardinals chose a second pope, Clement VII, who spoke French
      • Urban VI was in Rome and Clement VII was in Avignon 
      • Each pope excommunicated each other
    • Simple Solution?
      • In 1414, the Council of Constance attempted to end the Great Schism by choosing a single pope
      • They assumed the other two popes would resign
      • They didn't
      • There were now a total of three popes: the Avignon pope (antipope), the Roman pope and the newly chosen third pope, Alexander V (antipope)
      • With the help of the Holy Roman Emperor, the council forced all three popes to resign
      • In 1417, the Council chose a new pope, Martin V, ending the Great Schism but leaving the papacy greatly weakened. 
    • John Wycliffe
      • 1320s-1384
      • Critic of the Church
      • Preached that Jesus Christ, not the pope, was the true head of the Church
      • Believed that the pope and clergy focused too much on wealth and power
      • Believed that the clergy shouldn't own land or be wealthy
      • Taught that the Bible alone- not the pope- was the final authority for Christian life
      • Helped get an English translation of the New Testament of the Bible
      • Followers were the Lollards and was the precursor to Protestant Reformation (1517) 
    • Jan Hus
      • 1369-1415
      • Critic of the Church
      • Influenced by Wycliffe's writings, Jan Hus taught that the authority of the Bible was higher than that of the pope
      • He was excommunicated in 1412 and in 1415 was burned at the stake for being a heretic
      • His followers were known as Hussites 
    • Bubonic Plague
      • When: 1346-1353
      • Where: mostly in Europe, Asia, China, India
      • Who was impacted?: Everyone! 1/3 of Europe's population died
      • Around 50 million people were believed to have died 
      • How did it start:
        • The disease came from Asia (Mongolia) over trade routes and spread by fleas and rats
        • Rats were everywhere and they had fleas 
        • People were dirty and most had fleas
        • Fleas bit humans 
      • Effects of the Plague
        • Population fell
        • Trade declined and prices rose
        • The serfs left the manor in search of better wages
        • Nobles resisted peasant demands for higher wages, causing peasant revolts in England, France, Italy, and Belgium 
        • Jews were blame for bringing on the plague and were driven from their homes or massacred
        • The Church suffered a loss of prestige when its prayers failed to stop the onslaught of the Bubonic plague