Monday:
- We talked about forum posts.
- We watched another video and discussed it.
Tuesday: NO SCHOOL
Wednesday: NO SCHOOL
Thursday:
- We finished up our notes
Friday: We watched a Bust video on the Great Depression
1.-Causes of the Great Depression
- overproduction of goods
- companies were pumping out a lot of goods and not selling it
- under-consumption of goods by consumers
- people quit buying because they had what they needed and needed to save
- agricultural slump in 1920's due to overproduction
- farmers depression started post WWI - had a great impact on the Great Depression
- high protective tariff policies of the 1920's
- high tariff may benefit businesses to force Americans to buy product, keep foreign competition out. People weren't buying, and the high tariff caused selling to other countries to be hard. (World Trade was cut considerably)
- taxes benefiting the rich-rich got richer, poor got poorer
- trickle-down theory. Taxes hit the middle class very hard.
- stock market crash
- sped up the depression. Everyone was loosing money.
- banks closing
- cause and effect of the depression. almost a year after that the banking problem started taking place.
- * The Vicious Cycle of the Great Depression
- companies lose $$ so they lay people off
- unemployment rate goes up and less people buy goods as income has dropped
- companies profits fall so they have to lay more people off or close
- cycle repeats itself
2.-Impact the Great Depression had on people and our country
- Hoovervilles
- Shacks built for people who couldn't afford to live in homes (plywood/tin/whatever could be found)
- named because they believed Hoover caused it
- Breadlines
- people didn't have money so they would stand in line waiting for bread
- men usually went and got it, women usually avoided it because of embarrassment
- Soup Kitchens
- mostly men
- "free soup, coffee, and doughnuts for the unemployed"
- Hoover didn't believe in this (it wasn't the federal governments job to do)
- Hobos Hopping Freight Trains
- more common for men
- people would hop on and go to other towns looking for jobs so they didn't feel like a burden to their parents
- Selling Apples
- people would go and buy from the bigger apple sellers and then go find an area and sell them for more
- Dust Bowl
- farmers were stressed, plowed up crop land and the area became extremely dry
- Colorado, Kansas, Texas, New Mexico, and Oklahoma were the majorly affected areas
- Great Plains were referred to as desert like
- Dorthy Elaine
- photographed and showed how farmers didn't have it easy like everyone said
- farmers were stressed, plowed up crop land and the area became extremely dry
- Okies
- people from Oklahoma that left the dust bowl states because they lost everything
- went to California to try and find jobs
- grape vineyards were a popular job
3.-President Hoover’s attempt(or lack thereof) to help solve Great Depression
- Republican
- rugged individualism
- 1920's philosophies hurt him
- He was viewed as uncaring and as a President who did very little to help with the Great Depression
- This was not actually true
- 1928 Campaign Promise
- "A chicken in every pot an a car in every garage."
- Encouraged people to be patient, stay positive and volunteer to help each other other
- Federal Farm Board
- stabilized prices and to promote the sale of agricultural products
- Norris- La Guardia Act
- strengthened labor unions
- Hoover Moratorium
- one year halt on German war payments to France
- one year halt on war payments from Great Britain and France to the US
- Mexican Repatriation
- Mexican immigrants were encouraged/forced to go back to Mexico
- Revenue Act of 1932
- increased taxes so US government had $$
- Hawley- Smoot Tariff
- raised tariffs to record levels
- Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) 1932
- gave loans to banks, state and local governments, and business' to create projects/ jobs for people
- gave states loans for emergency relief needs
- started under Hoover
- not as successful as Hoover had hoped
- FDR continued this through the rest of the thirties and into forties (ended right after WWII in 1946)
- Boulder (Hoover) Dam
- Boulder Dam (now Hoover Dam) is located near Las Vegas
- The Hoover Dam project including the damn, the All-American Canal, the town of Boulder City, highways, railroads, and various other works, cost $165 million to build
- Lots of dams were built for jobs, energy that the government could sell
- self-liquidating project
- project that pays for itself (money for the government in this case)
- self-liquidating project
4.-1932/1936 Presidential elections
- FDR- 32 against Hoover (FDR won)
- FDR promised more
- FDR won over Alf Landon
5.-Bonus Army
Bonus Expeditionary Force
- Soldiers were promised to receive pension checks
- they went on a march to try and get the checks early
- they didn't get it
- protests occurred and tear gas was used
- 3 Most Famous world war Generals
- MacArthur
- Eisenhower
- Patton
6.-Entertainment, sports, music, radio, movies and fads
- Moves, jazz music, swing music, sports, radio, Olympics, and dancing
7.-Franklin Roosevelt’s background and accomplishments-Focus on New Deal
8.-The Three R’s
- Relief
- relief for the needy
- Reform
- financial reform
- Recovery
- economic recovery
9.-The difference between the First New Deal and Second New Deal
- 1st New Deal
- restore the nation's hope
- help banks and stock market
- provide jobs and relief for poor
- plan and regulate the economy
- 2nd New Deal
- pass new labor laws
- create and expand New Deal agencies
- Establish Social Security for the older people and unemployed
10.-Fireside chats
- Roosevelt used radio messages to get to the people
11.-The Hundred Days
- Roosevelt's first hundred days and he wanted to accomplish as much as he could in the first 100 days
12.-Deficit spending and “priming the pump”
- our government spends more money than it takes in almost every year
- Priming the Pump
- leads to deficit spending
- dozens of new deal programs set up by Roosevelt
- goal is to get the economy jump started
13.-FDR vs the US Supreme Court-Court Packing issue
- Roosevelt was unhappy with nine older gentlemen (NAA, NIRA) for being unconstitutional (6 were over 70). They were striking down new deal programs.
- Court-Packing Deal
- Roosevelt gets to add a justice for every man that was over 70
- Many people thought Roosevelt was wanting too much power for himself rather than others
14.-Critics and failings of the New Deal-Long, Caughlin, Townshend
Reasons the New Deal was challenged
- Republican Point of View
- 1.) Created a very powerful president that led Congress, this was a violation of checks and balances
- 2.) It was a radical departure from Laissez Faire ideals. Crated "Big Government"
- 3.) Some acts appeared interfering and at worst unconstitutional
- 4.) Heavy debt burden - the United States was engaged in deficit spending and this was unhealthy for the economy in the long run
- Senator Huey Long
- The King Fish
- He was shot by Carl Weiss in 1935
- "Share-Our-Wealth" = slogan
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