Monday- No school!
Tuesday- Test Thursday. Talked about FDR's New Deal Programs
Wednesday- FDR's New Deal Programs
Thursday- finished FDR New Deal Programs. Test tomorrow and Monday.
New Deal Programs
How did the New Deal Help.....
Unemployed people
- Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)-
- Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA)- Enacted in 1933. FERA distributed more than 20 million dollars in direct aid to the unemployed (Welfare). This in turn would help the unemployed to find new jobs. FERA had three primary objects: 1.) direct relief measures. 2.) provide work for unemployed
-Public Works Administration (PWA)- established in 1933. Created as many jobs as possible in many different varieties. Great examples of FDR's 'Priming the pump". The PWA funded the construction or more that 34,000 projects including airports, dams, aircraft carriers, bridges.
-Civil Works Administration (CWA)- is the same thing as the PWA but only lasted a year, because it became to costly. Spent over $800 million dollars.
- Works Progress Administration (WPA)- largest and most comprehensive new Deal Agency. The WPA thousands of roads, bridges, airports. WPA was mostly set up to help the people of the arts by hosting concerts and produced almost works of art. Federal Project No. 1 (Federal One) of the WPA was developed to give artistic and professional work to the unemployed who qualified. It consisted of the Federal Art Project (FAP) Federal Music Project (FMP), Federal Theater Project (FTP) the Federals Writers' Project (FWP) and the Historical Records Survey (HRS)
Young people
- Civilian conservation Corps (CCC)- Passed in 1933 during the "One hundred days". the CCC was limited to young men age 18 to 25 whose fathers were on relief. CCC members worked 40 hours a week and were paid $30 a month, with the requirement that $25 of that be sent home to family. Members lived in camps, wore uniforms, and lived under military discipline. The U.S. Army operated the camps. The people did small construction projects, planted trees, fought forest fires, stopped soil erosion
-National Youth Administration (NYA)- Established in 1935 and was a part of the WPA. Pushed heavily by Eleanor Roosevelt (ER). Served 327,000 high school and college youth, who were paid $6 to $40 a month for "work study" projects at their school. It allowed thousands of young people to stay in school. Unlike the CCC, it included young women. The youth normal lived at home, and worked on construction or repair projects.
Banks
-Emergency Banking Relief Act (EBRA)- Passed five days after taking office. passed in response to the thousands of banks that closed down. FDR announced the Bank Holiday in the Fireside Chat, which closed banks down temporarily. The EBRA would close down the bank, reorganize it and then reopen the bank when it was stable. When banks reopened many people put their money back into the banks. Within a couple of weeks, more than half of the money that people withdrew from banks was put back into banks. Generally ended the bank runs that was commonplace from 1929-1933
-Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)- Created by the Glass-Steagall Act in 1933. Insured peoples money in banks up to $1000. Passed in response to the bank failures after the stock market crash. Insures money in saving and checking accounts, money market accounts and CD's.
Stock Market
-Federal Securities Act (FSA)- passed in 1933. Made the stock market a safer place for people to invest their money. Two goals: 1.) "required that investors receive significant information regarding securities being offered for public sale". 2.) :prohibited deceit, misrepresentations, and other fraud in the sale of securities to the public.
- Securities and Exchange Commission(SEC)- Established in 1934 and is still around today. This organization regulates the stock market- made the market more secure and safer for peoples' money. Enforced FSA.
Factory Workers
-National Industrial Recovery Act(NIRA)- Established "'codes of fair competition' aimed at supporting prices and wages and stimulating economic recovery from the Great Depression. The law created a national Recovery Administration (NRA) to enforce codes. The NRA tried to make voluntary agreements with business' dealing with hours of work,rates of pay, and fixing prices. Businesses which voluntarily complied could display the Blue Eagle. The NIRA also helped create jobs for unemployed workers (building schools). Section 7A guaranteed workers the right to unionize. Declared unconstitutional by Supreme Court (1935)
-National Labor Relations Act/Board (NLRA(B))- conducts elections for unions. Stresses collective bargaining. Investigates and fixes unfair labor practices. Governed by a five-person board whose members are appointed by the President.
-Fair Labor Standards Act ( FLSA)- Established a national minimum wage- 40 cents/ hour. Established the 40 hour work week. Guaranteed time and a half for overtime in certain jobs. Prohibited most child labor. Still exists today.
Farmers
-Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) - Restricted production by paying farmers to reduce the amount of crops planted. Its purpose was to reduce crop surplus so prices would go up. The farmers were paid by the federal government for leaving some of their land untilled.
the AA oversaw a large-scale destruction of existing crops and livestock in an attempt to reduce surpluses. Millions of animals killed. Cotton farmers plowed under a quarter of their crop. Due to the nature of the Great Depression, many U.S. citizens saw the AAA as cruel. While the people in the cities were starving, the federal government was destroying crops and livestock in the country.
- Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act (SCDA)- allowed the government to pay farmers to reduce production so as to "conserve soil" and prevent erosion. It was a piece of legislation passed in response to the Supreme Court's declaration that the Agricultural Adjustments Act (AAA) was unconstitutional. Educated farmers on how to use their lands without damaging them. Took immediate action to contain the dust bowl's effects by planting trees and native grass. Three years after the Act was adopted, soil erosion had dropped 65%.
- Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)- Created to generate electric power and control floods in a seven state region around the Tennessee River Valley. FDR signed the Tennessee Valley Authority Act creating the TVA on May 18, 1933. The agency still exists and has grown to become America's largest public power company. Some criticized the TVA for only helping a specific region not the whole country.
- Rural Electrification Administration (REA)- The REA provided farms with inexpensive electric lighting and power and eventually telephone services. This brought all the electrical appliances that the cities have since the 1920's. The REA made long-term loans to state and local governments, to farmers' cooperatives, and to nonprofit organizations to do the work. By 1939 rural households with electricity had risen to 25% (up from 10% 7 years earlier) the administration was abolished in 1994 and its functions assumed by the Rural Utilities Service
-Farm Security Administration (FSA)- Granted small farmers and tenant farmers money to purchase farms. The dust Bowl forced a lot of farmers off their farms. Many farmers bought tractors with money from the AAA thus forcing tenant farmers off the land. The FSA provided relief to these people. Also people took photos of farmers, documenting the lives of farmers.
homeowners
- Home Owner's Loan Corporation (HOLC)- was set up to keep people in their homes. the HOLC was established in 1933 to refinance homes to prevent foreclosure. it was usually used to extend loans from shorter expensive payments of 15 years to the lower payments of the 30 year loans.
-Federal Housing Administration (FHA)- The Federal Housing Administration was created in 1934. Insured loans made by banks and other private lenders for home building and home buying. The goals of this organization are to improve housing standards and conditions and to provide and adequate home financing system. IN 1965, the Federal Housing Administration became part of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and is still around today.
-United States Housing Authority (USHA)- Created in 1937. it was designed to lend money to the state or communities for low-cost home construction. Homes were designed for low-income and homeless people. The USHA was absorbed by the National Housing Agency in 1942.
Elderly
-Social Security Administration (SSA)- Established in 1935. provides retirement, disability, and survivors benefits. To qualify for these benefits, most American workers pay Social Security taxes on their earnings. Future benefits are based on employees' contributions. Each person is given a Social Security number.
Consumers
-Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA)- Passed in 1938. Gave the Food and Drug Administration power to regulate these industries. Mandated review of the safety of all new drugs before going to market. Banned false therapeutic claims in drug labeling. Authorized factory inspections and expanded enforcement powers by the FDA. Set new regulatory standards for foods and cosmetics.
Native Americans
-Indian Reorganization Act (IRA)- passed in 1934. Abolished the Dawes Act and allowed native American to govern themselves on tribal basis. Allowed native Americans to manage and keep their own land. Included provisions to help created job opportunities on Indian Reservations. this has led to many casinos on Indian Reservations. The Act is still around today.
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