Week of Feb. 8-12

Monday- no school

Tuesday- New Deal: FDR's plan to get us out of the depression/ restore America

How did the New Deal help?
- Unemployed people
  - RFC- under hoover
  - Civilian Conservation Corporation( CCC )
    - Passed in 1933 during the "100 days"
    - the CCC was limited to young men age 18 to 25 whose fathers were on relief
    - CCC members worked 40 hours a week and were paid $30 a month with the requirement that $25 of the be sent home to family
    - Members lived in camps, wore uniforms, and lived under military discipline
    - The U.S. Army operated the camps
    - Planted trees, fought forest fires, stopped soil erosion
    - helped construct military bases during WWII
    - funding stopped in 1942
    - Slogan: "We can take it"
  - Federal Emergency Relief Act( FERA )
    - enacted in 1933
    - FERA distributed more than 20 million dollars in direct aid to the unemployed
    - this in turn would help the unemployed to find new jobs
    - FERA had three primary objectives
      - 1. direct relief measures
      - 2. provide work for employable people
      - 3. provide many different types of relief programs
  - Public Works Administration ( PWA )
    - established in 1933
    - created as many jobs as possible in many different varieties
    - great example of FDR's "priming the pump"
    - between 1933 and 1939, the PWA funded the construction of more than 34,000 projects including airports, dams, aircraft carriers, bridges, etc.
    - was responsible for 70% of the new schools and 33% of the hospitals built from 1933-1939
  - Civil Works Administration
    - established in 1933 to create jobs
  - Works Progress Administration
    - established in 1935
    - largest and most comprehensive New Deal Agency
    - the WPA was a "make work" program that provided jobs
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    - The WPA built 650000 miles of roads, 78000 bridges, 125000 buildings, and 7000 miles of airport runways
    - It presented 225000 concerts and produced almost 475000 works of art
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    - Consisted of:
      - Federal Art Project: FAP
      - Federal Music Project: FMP
      - Federal Theater Project: FTP
      - Federal Writers' Project: FWP
      - Historical Records Survey: HRS
- Young people
  - Civilian Conservation Corporation( CCC )
    - Passed in 1933 during the "100 days"
    - the CCC was limited to young men age 18 to 25 whose fathers were on relief
    - CCC members worked 40 hours a week and were paid $30 a month with the requirement that $25 of the be sent home to family
    - Members lived in camps, wore uniforms, and lived under military discipline
    - The U.S. Army operated the camps
    - Planted trees, fought forest fires, stopped soil erosion
    - helped construct military bases during WWII
    - funding stopped in 1942
    - Slogan: "We can take it"
  - National Youth Administration(NYA)
    - Established in 1935 and was a part of the WPA
    - Pushed heavily by Eleanor Roosevelt(ER)
    - Served 327,000 high school and college youth, who were paid $6 to $40 a month for "wrok sstudy" projects at their schools
    - it allowed thousands of young people to stay in school
    - another 155,000 boys and girls from relief families were paid $10 to $25 a month for part-time work that included training
    - unlike the CCC it included women
    - The youth normally lived at home, and worked on construction or repair projects
- Banks
  - Emergency Banking Relief Act ( EBRA )
    - passed five days after taking office March, 1933
    - passed in response to the thousands of banks that closed down
    - passed four days
  - Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
    - created by the Glass-Steagall Act in 1933
    - insured people's money in banks up to $1000(today up to $250,000)
    - passed in response to the bank failures after the stock market crash
    - insures money in savings and checking accounts, money market accounts and CD's
- Stock market
  - Federal Securities Act
    - passed in 1933
    - made the stock market a safer palce for people to invest their money
    - Two Goals:
      - "required that investors receive significant information regarding securities being offered for public sale"
      - "prohibited deceit, misrepresentations, and other fraud in the sale of securities to the public"
  - Securities and Exchange Commision(SEC)
    - established in 1934 and is still around today
    - this organization regulates the stock market
- Factory workers
  - National Industrial Recovery Act(NIRA)
    - Established "codes of fair competition" aimed at supporting prices and wages and simulating economic recovery from the Great Depression
    - The law created a National Recovery Administration to enforce codes
    - The NRA tried to make voluntary agreements with business' dealing with hours of work, rates of pay, and the fixing of prices
    - businesses which voluntarily complied could display the Blue Eagle
    - The NIRA also helped create jobs for unemployed workers(building schools)
    - Section 7A guaranteed workers the right to unionize
    - delclared unconstitutional by supreme court
      - National Labor Relations Act/Board(NLRA(B)Established in 1935
        conducts elections for unions
        stresses collective bargaining
        investigates and fixes unfair labor practices
        governed by a five-person board whose members are appointed by the President
    - Fair Labor Standards ACt(FLSA)
      - established a national minimum wage- 40 cents/hour
      - established the 40 hour work week
      - guaranteed time and a half for overtime in certain jobs
      - prohibited most child labor
      - still exists today
- Farmers
  - Agricultural Adjustment Act(AAA)
    - established in 1933
    - restricted production by paying farmers to reduce the amount of crops planted
    - its purpose was to reduce crop surplus so prices would go up
    - the farmers were paid by the federal government to leave some of their land untilled
    - The AAA oversaw a large-scale destrctuion of existing crops and livestock in an attempt to reduce surpluses
    - for example, 6 million pigs were slaughtered and 220000 sows were slasughtered
    - cotton farmers plowed under a quarter of their crop
    - due to the nature of the Great Depression, many United States citizens saw the AAA as cruel
    - while people in the cities were starving the federa
    - prices doubled from 33-35
  - Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment ACt
    - allowed the goverment to pay farmers to reduce production so as to "conserve soil" and prevent erosion
    - it was a piece of legislation passed in response to the supreme court's delcaration
    - educated farmers on how to use their lands without damaging them
    - took immediate action to contain the dust bowl's effects by planting trees and native grass
    - three years after the act was adopted, soil erosion had dropped by 65%
  - Tennesseee Valley Authority
    - created to generate electric power and control floods in a seven state region around the Tennessee River Valley
    - FDR signed the Tennessee Valley Authority Act creating the TVA on May, 18 1933
    - the agency still exists and has grown to become America's largest power company
    - some criticized the TVA for only helping a specific region
  - Rural Electrification Administration(REA)
    - established in 1935
    - the REA provided farms with inexpensive electric lighting and power and eventually telephone services
    - this brought all the electrical appliances that the cities had since the 1920's
    - the REA made long-term loans to state and local governments to farmers
  - Farm Security Administration(FSA)
    - granted small farmers and tenant farmers money to purchase farms
    - the dust bowl forced a lot of farmers off their farms
    - many farmers bought tractors with money from the AAA thus forcing tenant farmers off the land
    - the FSA provided relief to these people
- Homeowners
  - Home Owner's Loan Corporation(HOLC)
    - People couldn't afford their home
    - Had to have it paid off in 5-7 years
    - Required a 50% down payment
    - Helped to extend the years of payment and the down payment
  - Federal Housing Administration(FHA)
    - to improve housing standards and conditions and to provide an adequate home financing system
    - insured loans made by banks and other private lenders for home building and home buying
  - United States Housing Authority(USHA)
    - created in 1937
    - it was designed to lend money to the states or communities for low-cost home construction
    - homes were made for low-income families and homeless people
    - absorbed by the National Housing agency in 1942
- Elderly
  - Social Security Administration(SSA)
    - established in 1935
    - provides retirement, disability, and survivors' benefits
    - to qualify American workers pay them on their paychecks
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- Consumers
  - NIRA
  - Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act(FFDCA)
    - passed in 1938
    - gave the food and drug administration power to regulate these industries
    - mandated a review of the safety of all new drugs before going to market
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- Native Americans
  - Indian Reorganization Act(IRA)
    - passed in 1934
    - abolished the Dawes Act and allowed Native American to govern themselves on a tribal basis
    - allowed native Americans to manage and keep their own land
    - included provisions to help create jobs on Indian reservations. this has led to many casinos on Indian reservations
    - the act is still around today

Blogs

Week of Feb. 8-12

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