2/5- started presentations
FDR's Brain Trust- the name for his advisors such as Harry Hopkins, Frances Perkins(Sec. of Labor and first female in the cabinet), and Louis Lowe.
Farmers-
- REA(Rural Electrification Administration)
- Gave light, running water, and power.
- Founded on May 11, 1935 / Enacted on May 20, 1936
- Pomoted electricity to farms, get jobs to farmers, catch up with world-Europe, and source of funding was a low-interest to finance the construction.
- Was successful, still around, non-profit reorganization, cheep, earned loans from state/national legislators, late 1960's, 98% Rural areas had electricity.
- FSA(Farm Security Administration)
- Originally known as the resettlement administration. Not very successful.
- Founded in 1935 as part of teh NEw Deal.
- Made to fgith rual poverty. Main focus was to help poor farmers.
- Still around today but known as Farmers Home Administration.
- Headed by Rexford Tugwell. He resigned in 1936 due to poor management.
- Lots of relief work. Helped those affected by the dust bowl.
- Took pictures of farmers.
- Granted small farmers money to establish new farms.
- SCDAA(Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act)
- Feb 29, 1936. Amended in 1936)
- Paid farmers to reduce production. Conserve soil, prevent erosion, assure adequate supplies of food, reestablish and maintenance of farm income.
- Didn't make much money at first. Until they planted grass(grass held down the soil)
- Enhance the feral-state coordination. Discourage the overuse of land. Assist tenants and sharecroppers. Created stable prices for farm goods.
- TVA(Tennessee Valley Authority)
- The areas of Tennessee, Missouri, Alabama, Kentucky, North Coarolina, Virginia, Georgia was behind in electricity, running water, sewers, and proper sanitation.
- Goal was to build hydroelectric dams around the area which would bring electricity to thousans of homes. Afound 30 dams built. Provided inexpensive power to millions of southeners.
- Employed many people. Other benifits- could power fridges, less accidents. Improved fish, wildlife, control wildfires.
- One of the largest public providers of electricity in the US.
Banks-
- RFC(Reconstruction Finance Corporation)
- January 22, 1932 by Herbert Hoover.
- Ended Sept. 1957.
- Federal agency created to provide financial support to state and local governments. Restore country's confidence and stability in banking system.
- Gave loans to railroads, banks, and agriculture.
- Partly a success and partly a failure.
- EBRA(Emergency Banking Relief Act)
- Signed March 9, 1933. First piece of the New Deal. No official end.
- To restore public confidence in the nation's financial system after a week-long bank holiday.
- Was success- increased people's faith in the bank. Today- change in the face of the American Currency system.
- Reminded people the importance of banking.
Unemployed people-
- WPA(Works Progress Administration)
- May 6, 1935
- Got people out of the Great Depression
- Gave jobs to many Americans
- Very successful
- Ended in June of 1943 because the unemployment of it was less than 2%.
- FPN1(Federal Project Number 1)
- August and September 1935.
- Ended June 1943 when teh WPA was created. Budgets were cut.
- Was the New Deal to artists, actors, writers, and musicians.
- Employed writeers that didn't have jobs.
- Was successful for a while.
- Helped unemployed people.
- PWA(Public Works Administration)
- 1933 after National INdustrial Recover Act was passed.
- Gave government control of public works programs under the control of government. Awarded big projects like highways, airports, dams, irrigation.
- Was successful- 34,000 large-scale projects.
- Ended 1939 because was not important anymore.
- CWA(Civil Works Administration)
- November 9th 1933 by FDR. Ended July 1934 but came back 1935 as WPA.
- Created manual laor jobs- mainly in winter. It helped during the Depression.
- Was successful- 4,263,644 people were employed. 44,000 miles of road, 1,000 miles of water mains, and 1,000 miles of new airports.
Factory Workers-
- NLRA(National Labor Relations Act)
- Helped factory workers
- Created in 1935 to protect rights of employees and employers.
- Encouraged collective bargaining.
- Reduce private sector labors
- Boosted general welfare
- Very successful- known as "Magna Carta" o fAmerican labor. It required employers to acknowlege favorable labor unions.
- Long term effects- Resulted in unions spreading. Taft-Hartley Act: good and bad. Landrum-Griffin Act: "Bill of rights" for unions.
- FLSA(Fair Labor Standard Act)
- Federal law that established minimum wage, overtime pay eligibility, record keeping and child labor standards.
- Signed on June 25th,1938.
- Established a max 40 hours per week.
- Prohibited child labor.
- Was successful- current minimum wages to 7.25 an hour. Banned all child labor.
- Still around today. Have minimum wage laws, weekly hours, employment standards.
2/6- continued presentations
Home owners-
- USHA(United States Housing Authority
- 1937- built low cost housing to decrease slums and crime.
- Started by FDR and Catherine Bauer.
- Was successful- 800 million dollars for 587 deveolpments.
- Lent money to state
- 170,000 living units- tenants only had to pay half.
- Turned into Federal Works Agency by Reorganization(1839). Combined with many better living conditions agencies.
- HOLC(Home Owners Loan Corporation)
- Started June 13, 1933 during Great Depression by Hoover. It was a mortgage loan company. Ended Februaryl 3, 1954.
- Refinances homes mortgages that were in risk during the Great Depression.
- Loans applied to homes that didn't house more than 4 people, non-farming residents, not worth more than $20,000.
- Buy old mortgages form banks with government bonds- financed by treasury and capital markets. Provided funds to pay off mortgages.
- Was successful- provided million new mortages but failed when there was no money. People couldn't pay what the mortgage didn't pay for.
Young people-
- CCC(Civilian Conservation Corps)
- Started April 5th 1933- ended in 1942
- FDR's favorite program
- Gave jobs to young men.
- HIred peopel to plant trees, fight forest fires, and build dams.
- Paid a dollar a day.
- Was successful- planted over 3 billion trees and gave almost 300,000 men to work.
- NYA(National Youth Administration)
- June 26, 1935
- Aubrey Williams was in charge
- Gave jobs to young people. Building maintenance, lanscaping, and forestry. Give jobs so they stay in school.
- Was successful- gave 4 million people jobs.
- Ended September 1943 by congress.
2/7- continued presentations
2/8- continued presentations
Consumers-
- FDCA(Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act)
- Federal COnsumer Protection Law 1906. Change hit in 1930's. Enactment hapended 1938.
- Purpose was for safety. Turned into FDA(Food and Drug Administration)
- Was successful. Standard evidence is the well-considered study, and the FDA's impementation of the 1962 amendments contributed.
- Drugs must undergo a evaluation of safety, equality, and effectiveness before they can be sold.
Native Americans-
- IRA(Indian Reorganization Act)
- June 28, 1936. It is still around.
- Replaced the Dawes Act.
- It was to regain trust. Ended the allotment of tribal lands. Recognized tribal governments and encouraged tribes to adopt constitutions. Prohibited lands from being taken away from the tribes WITHOUT their consent. They have the power to their assests.
- Was and wasn't successful- had relief of some tribes but it distroyed some others.
The Dust Bowl- Texas, Kansas, Oklahoma, Colorado, New Mexico.
- Causes- excessive farming, lack of water, heaby winds, lack of trees.
- Affects- No crops could grow caused death. Almost impossible to live there. No water for animals or people.
- Okies- Okies wre refugees from oklahoma who fled to other staes to find work. A lot of Okies were not from oklahoma. About 16 thousand went to california. Most went to other states.
- Locust and Jack rabbits- came from nowhere and ate whaterver crops could grow. 26 thousand per acre. Had to call the nation guard to get rid of them.
- How it ended- the drought ended. New farming practcces were put into place. Soil conservationists planted trees.
2/9- continued presentations
Stock market-
- FSA(Federal Securities Act)
- Started in 1933 and passed by Congress.
- First mafor legislation about the sale of securities.
- The Securities Act of 1933 was established as a result of the stock market in 1929. Regulated stock market.
- 2 goals- To ensure more transparency in financial statements. To establish laws aganist misrepresentation and fraudulent activities in the security markets.
- Securiteis was chiefly governed by state laws. Created a uniform set of rules.
- Purpose- require corporations to provide complete information on all stock offerings.
- Businesses ha e to provide complete information on all stocks. Tell the truth about how much the business was worth. Lead to the creation of the SEC.
Elderly(Some other people too)-
- SSA(Social Security Administration)
- August 14, 1935 by FDR
- Start paying for it when employed. Receive benefits. Source of income.
- Was successful- Helped retire people. A way to get money.
- Still around- Headquarters in Woodlawn, MD.
Comments