Monday- Discussed the semester test schedule and what the test will be like. Started WWI discussion and powerpoint
Extra Credit for WW1
- Who fought
- Date(s)
- Where was the battle
- Casualties
- Who won
- Why was the battle significant
- Be sure to include maps, pictures and your sources
Key Questions-
•Be able to identify characteristics of Europe in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s
- Very nationalistic
- Willing to go to war to protect interests and national honor
- Industrialization was occurring
- Population was increasing
- People were moving from rural areas to the city
- Due to the speed of change, traditional values and religion became less important
- Propaganda was common
- Democratic governments increased
- More people could vote (the poor)
- Educating the masses was important
- European countries were at war with each other all the time
- Due to poverty, many people turned to labor unions and socialism
•Be able to identify the main causes of WWI and how they led to war
•Be able to identify the countries of Europe during WWI and what alliance they belonged to
•Be able to explain what and where the Powderkeg of Europe is and why it was called that
•Be able to identify the event that started WWI
•Be able to identify the goals of the war for countries involved
•Be able to describe what fighting was like in WWI
•Be able to identify the US policy that Wilson declared when WWI broke out in 1914
•Be able to identify the actions we took at home to mobilize our country for war
•Be able to define what the Paris Peace Conference was
•Be able to describe Wilson’s 14 Points
•Be able to describe the Treaty of Versailles in detail and the impact it had on Germany and Europe
•Be able to describe why the US never ratified the Treaty of Versailles
Central Powers-
- Germany
- Austria- Hungary
- Bulgaria
- Ottoman Empire/ Turkey
Allied Powers-
- United States (did not enter the war until 1917)
- Great Britain
- France
- Italy
- Russia
- Greece
- Albania
- Serbia
- Romania
- Portugal
Czar Nicholas- last Czar of Russia
Kaiser Wilhelm- leader of Germany during WWI
Tuesday- Continued discussion on WWI
•Be able to identify the main causes of WWI and how they led to war
- Militarism
- Imperialism
- Nationalism
- Swept through Europe in the mid to late 1800's
- Economic Competition
- Alliances
•Be able to identify the event that started WWI
- Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand and his wife
MINES
Militarism
Imperialism
Nationalsim
Economic Competition
System of alliances
•Be able to explain what and where the Powderkeg of Europe is and why it was called that-
- In the Balkan- Peninsula area
- Something could cause this area to explode. If something major happened in this area, it would explode in war
Austria- Hungary
- It was a multi- national, dual monarchy
- It had eleven major ethnic groups
- Austrians and Hungarians were the two largest
- both made up less than 50% of the population
- Many different languages, religions, and customs (hard to create nationalism
- The government hated nationalism. Why?
- Each person was nationalistic towards their own country and not towards Austria or Hungary
- The government despised Serbians and Serbia
- The Serbian Menace
- Serbia wanted to make the Serbians living in Austria- Hungary, part of a "Greater Serbia"
- The Black Hand was created in Serbia
- Secret organization whose goal was to unite all Serbs by any means necessary
- Gavrilo Princip killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophia in Sarajevo, igniting the Powderkeg, starting WWI
Chain of Events
- Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
- Austria- Hungary sends ultimatum to Serbia (surrender your country to us or we will go into war)
- Serbia refuses to accept ultimatum
- Austria- Hungary declares war on Serbia
- Only after Germany gives them a promise of support
- Russia mobilizes to support Serbia
- Germany declares war on Russia
- Hoped to knock Russia out of war quickly to avoid a two- fronted war (Russia on the east and France/Great Britain on the west)
- France enters war to help Russia
- Great Britain enters war to help France after Germany attacks France through neutral Belgium
•Be able to identify the goals of the war for countries involved
- There weren't any real goals at first, but as time went on and casualties and costs increased winning territory was a must
France-
- German land, especially the Rhineland area (if Germany invades they will invade Rhineland first instead of France so they know when they are going to attack)
- Wanted to cripple Germany's army
Great Britain-
- get German colonies in Africa
- get Turkish colonies in the Mid-East
Italy-
- wanted land from Austria- Hungary
Russia-
- land from Turkey
Austria- Hungary-
- wanted to survive (fell apart after WWI)
Germany-
- Land from France, Luxembourg and Belgium
US-
- win and end the war (world peace)
The Von Schlieffen-
- Invade France through Belgium instead of going through France
Wednesday- Worked on our semester test blogs with our groups
Thursday- Continued discussion on WWI
•Be able to describe what fighting was like in WWI
- Trench warfare
- 3 types of trenches
- Front line
- Support
- Reserve
- "No Man's Land"
- 3 types of trenches
Weapons of WWI
- Bayonets
- Flame throwers
- Grenades
- Machine Guns
- Pistols
- Gas Warfare (terror weapon)
- Tearing agent
- Tear gas
- Doesn't threaten your life
- Police use it today
- It hurts
- Gas masks work well against this
- Chlorine gas
- gas masks weren't great against this gas
- very poisonous
- gets caught in lungs and eyes, causes internal bleeding
- Mustard gas
- sticky substance
- causes burns when it gets caught in a moist area
- oily, nasty type of gas
- gas masks didn't work against this gas
- this gas would hang around the bottom of the trenches for days after the attack
- Tearing agent
- Tanks
- Artillery guns
- these guns would shoot for miles
- shell cities with or the enemy trench
- Submarines (u-boats)
- Zeppelins
- Battle Ships
- Floating mines
- Depth charges
- used to attack submarines
- Airplanes
- The Red Baron
•Be able to identify the US policy that Wilson declared when WWI broke out in 1914
Neutrality
- President Wilson declared the the U.S. was to be neutral when WW broke out
- "Impartial in thought as well as in action"
- Neutrality was successful for three years
Friday- Discussed final forum posts and blogs. Talked about the time slots for the semester tests. Continued our discussion about WWI
•Be able to identify why the US was drawn into war and why we drew closer to the Allied Powers
- Germany sinking of British ships and killing of U.S. citizens
- Lusitania, Arabic, Sussex
- Germany declared unrestricted submarine warfare
- "Sussex Pledge"
- "End the attack on unarmed ships or risk the severing of diplomatic relations"
- Germany's response-
- End the sinking of passenger ships
- search merchant ships for contraband and make provisions for passengers and crews before sinking merchant ships
- The German guarantees were generally honored until the announcement of the resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare in February 1917
- The Zimmermann Note
- Germany tried to get Mexico to declare war on the United States
- Germany promised Mexico that they would get the Mexican Cession back if they won
- Germany wanted to keep the US out of Europe
- Beliefs of War Hawks
- Teddy Roosevelt believed we should already be at war and helping out France
- Trade with England was increased
- Trade with Germany decreased as years went on
- $3 billion in 1916 with England
- British and American Propaganda
- Preparedness Program (1915)
- U.S. started arming and preparing for war
- American Business
- Munitions business pushed US into war to make money
•Be able to identify the actions we took at home to mobilize our country for war
- Home- front-
- Refers to what people did back in the US to help win the war
- Every country has their own home-front
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