Monday-
Imperialism - A country taking over smaller and weaker territories.
Diplomacy - How a country officially deals with other countries.
Militarism - Building up of the military.
Nationalism - People thinking that their country is the best.
Sphere of Influence - A strong country takes over and controls an area.
Protectorate - A strong country takes over a smaller area and controls it.
Arbitration - Settlement of a dispute by a third party.
Old Diplomacy (Late 1700's - Early 1900's) Policy of Isolationism
Non-interventionist - We didn't intervene in foreign affairs, especially Europe's.
Isolationist - The U.S. acted alone in foreign affairs as compared to working with other nations.
Passive and reactive - The U.S. waited for events to occur and then acted accordingly.
Weak army and navy
New Diplomacy
Imperialistic (Late 1800's) - U.S went out and conquered territory to create their empire.
Stronger army and navy - military bases all over the world.
Interventionist - especially in Central and South America.
Becoming more involved in other countries affairs. Monroe Doctrine - Issued by President Monroe. Warning to European countries to stay out of the Western Hemisphere.
Strong nationalism
Great Britain, Germany, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Russia, United States, Ottoman Empire (Turkey), Japan.
Tuesday -
America looked to imperialism because the west was settled. Brings military prestige and power to your country. Naval bases and refueling stations. Natural resources as well as opening markets to sell. Belief in cultural superiority - White Man's Burden. It was believed that it was the white man's duty to take them and educate, uplift, civilize, and Christianize third world countries. After we took the Philippines, we had to help them.
Alaska and Hawaii helped us become an empire. Queen of Hawaii - Queen Liliuokalani tried to take the power back. Had we not taken in Hawaii, another country would have take it.
The Spanish American War
By 1900, Spain wasn't a huge empire anymore. They had Philippines, Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico until after the war.
US tried to buy Cuba in 1854. Cubans wanted independence from Spain. They revolted frequently. They failed in the 1860's, 1870's, and 1880's.
In 1895 a civil war broke out in Cuba between Spain and Cuba.
Newspapers (Yellow Press) reported the brutality of the Spanish General Weyler. They made him look like a person who killed everyone. They stretched the truth. They wanted the U.S. to join the war.
Causes - USS Maine sinking, the Yellow Press, Butcher Wyler and his treatment of Cubans in the concentration camps, the De Lome Letter, help the Cubans get independence, Jose Marti's destruction of US property in Cuba-making it look as though Spain did it.
On April 25, 1898 we declared war. Massive debate about if we wanted to give Cuba independence or take them over.
Wednesday -
Frontier was closed so we looked outside our borders. Bought Alaska from Russia for 7.2 million dollars.
Teller Amendment - guaranteed Cuba independence after the war was over.
We took Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico.
Rough riders - Teddy Roosevelt was an assistant secretary of the Navy before the war. Then he decided to volunteer to fight in Cuba, against Spain. Known for conquering the Spanish on San Juan hill. Became war hero.
"A Splendid Little War" - They won
Treaty of Paris (1898) - Brought end of war. We gained control of Philippines ($20 million), Guam, and Puerto Rico.
Transitioning to the new diplomacy.
Along with colonies comes problems.
US army wasn't ready but the Navy was excellent.
3,000 U.S. soldiers died.
Puerto Rico - We got it after 405 years of Spain rule. Citizens were granted U.S. citizenship in 1917. Popularity-elected governors have served since 1948. In 1952, a constitution was enacted providing for internal self government. In 2012, the majority of Puerto Ricans voted for statehood.
Cuba - 1902 we granted them independence. We retained the right to intervene to preserve Cuban independence and stability with the Platt Amendment. We got control of Guantanamo Bay as well, a naval base we still have control of. In 1934, the Platt amendment was repealed.
Philippines-American war - broke out after they realized that we wouldn't give them independence. It ended with U.S. gaining control. 200,000-1,500,000 civilians died. We lost 5,000. They were taken over by Japan during WWII. We helped them defeat Japan and they declared their independence.
Open door policy - China was being overrun by European countries. They wanted this to stop. The Chinese rebelled in the Boxer Rebellion. The open door policy was a way to keep China open to all countries. Guaranteed Chinese independence as long as they traded with everyone.
Thursday -
The Roosevelt Corollary was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine. Said that the U.S. would be the police officer between Latin America and Europe. The U.S would use force to protect interests in Latin America.
Big stick diplomacy - Military power. Roosevelt sent white Navy ships around. We kept quiet and people saw the U.S and stayed away. Speak softly and keep a big stick. Using the threat of our military power to get what we want.
Dollar diplomacy - Economic imperialism. We took over countries economy. U.S, banks were in control of many businesses in Latin America. We said we needed to do it to keep European powers out. We invested money to help ourselves.
Brink - We had to be able to go to the brink of war, but we wouldn't actually go to war. We hoped that they would back down.
Missionary diplomacy - U.S. would not recognize any government that was oppressive, undemocratic and hostile toward the U.S.
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