Week of December 14th-18th

Monday: Took notes over WWI

Tuesday: Took notes of WWI

Wednesday: Took notes over WWI and had some presentations on WWI battles for extra credit

Thursday: Watched extra credit presentations.

Friday: Worked on Semester Test Blogs. Study for Semester test

WWI Notes:

The Homefront
- Refers to what people did back in the US to help win the war
- Every country has their own Homefront
War Industries Board
- Headed by Bernard Baruch
- Regulated industry in U.S.
- Encouraged mass production
- Under the War Industries Board, industrial production in the U.S. increased 20 percent
Food Administration
- Headed by Herbert Hoover
- Urged people to conserve food
- Had "meatless days" and "wheatless days"
- "Victory gardens" were planted by schools and homes
- Prevented hoarding of food by people
- "Food is Ammunition-Don't waste it"
Propaganda
- What is propaganda?
  - Information/newspapers that persuades people to help with the war efforts
- What were the goals of propaganda?
  - To get people to help the war efforts
- As a group, find two examples from WWI, from any country, and explain it's purpose
Committee on Public Information
- George Creel
- Goal was to influence U.S. public opinion to support World War I in their own war
- Had a huge propaganda campaign to do so
- The committee used newsprint, posters, radio, telegraph and movies to broadcast its message
- Americanized German words:
  - German Measles-liberty measles
  - Hamburger liberty steak
  - Sauerkraut=liberty cabbage
National War Labor Board
- Settled disputes between workers and employers
- Discouraged strikes
- "Work or fight"
- Headed by William H. Taft'

Both Military and Civilian
- Deaths: 16.5 million
- Wounded: 20 million
- Total WWI Casualties: 35 million +
Military
- Deaths: 9.7 million
- Wounded: 21.2 million
- Prisoners of War and Missing Soldiers: 7.5 million

The Paris Peace Conference
- The meeting of the Allied victors following the end of the WWI to set the peace terms for Germany and other defeated nations
- It took place in Paris in 1919 and involved diplomats from more than 29 countries
- They came up with series of treaties ("Peace of Paris") that reshaped the map of Europe and imposed penalties on Germany
Big Four Countries
- Italy
- France
- Great Britain
- U.S.
Wilson's 14 Points
- The Fourteen Points was a speech delivered by President Woodrow Wilson to Congress on January 8, 1918
- The speech became the basis for the terms of the German surrender, as negotiated at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919
- Other Allied countries did not like the 14 Points as the thought it was too easy on Germany
- The actual Treaty of Versailles had little to do with the Fourteen POints and so war never ratified by the U.S. Senate
- Fourteen Points
  - An end to secret treaties
  - Freedom of the seas
  - Free trade for all countries
  - Disarmament
  - End to colonial claims
  - Self-determination for all countries-Russia
  - Restoration of Belgium
  - Restoration of France
  - Readjustment of Italy's boundaries
  - Austria-Hungary would be given opportunity for autonomous development
  - Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated and restored
  - Turkey should be sovereign (independent)
  - Poland would be given their independence
  - The "League of Nations" would be developed
- Treaty of Versailles
  - Territorial Losses
  - The following land was taken away from Germany:
    - Alsace-Lorraine (given to France)
    - Eupen and Malmedy (given to Belgium)
    - Northern Schleswig (given to Denmark)
    - Hultschin (given to Czechoslovakia)
    - West Prussia, Posen and Upper Silesia (given to Poland)
    - The Saar, Danzig and Memel were put under the control of The League of Nations and the people of these regions would be allowed to vote to stay in Germany or not in a future referendum
    - The League of Nations also took control of Germany's overseas colonies
  - Military Losses
    - Germany's army was reduce to 100,000 men; the army was not allowed tanks
    - Germany was not allowed an airforce
    - Germany was allowed only 6 capital naval ships and no submarines
    - The Rhineland area was made into a demilitarized zone (DMZ.) No German soldier or weapon was allowed into this zone. The Allies were to keep an army of occupation on the west bank of the Rhine for 15 years.
  - Financial Losses
    - The loss of vital industrial territory would be a severe blow to Germany's economy. Coal from the Saar and Upper Silesia in particular was a vital economic loss.
    - Germany had to pay $33 billion in war reparations
    - Germany was also forbidden to unite with Austria to form one country
  - General
    - Germany had to admit full responsibility for starting the war. This was Clause 231- the infamous "War Guilt Clause"
    - Germany had to accept the war guilt clause and take blame for WWI
    - A League of Nations was set up to keep world peace.
      - A worldwide peacekeeping organization
League of Nations
- Five permanent members
  - Great Britain
  - France
  - Italy
  - United States
  - Japan
- Four Non-permanent members that rotated
- All members must submit disputes for investigation, arbitration and settlement
- If member nation ignored, League could take action
- What type of actions?
  - Economic sanction
    - Quit trading with a different country to have them back down from what they did or are planning
- France wanted an international army but U.S. and Great Britain did not
- Germany and the Soviet Union were not allowed to join right away
- U.S. never joined why?
  - We wanted to go back to isolationism
  - Republican thought it would pull U.S. into European wars
  - Congress was concerned it would lose it's power to declare war if we joined
US Never Passes the Treaty of Versailles- Why Not?
- Concern over the League of Nations
- Politics
- U.S. signed the U.S.- German Peace Treaty in 1921

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