Monday:
- We discussed forum posts.
- This is the last week
- We worked on WW1 questions
Tuesday:
- We worked on WW1 questions.
Wednesday:
- We finished up the notes for WW1
- We discussed Semester test blog
Thursday:
- Kayla did her battle presentation
- We worked on semester tests.
Friday:
- We worked on our semester test blog.
US lost about 116,000 people in the wa
•Be able to identify characteristics of Europe in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s
Ally powers
France
Italy
US History-1917
Great Britain
Russia
Greece
Albania
Serbia
Central powers
Germany
Bulgaria
Austria-Hungary
Etc.
Czar Nicholas- Russia leader
No longer in power after WW1
Kaiser Wilhelm- Germany Leader
Very nationalistic
Willing to go to war to protect interests and national honor
Industrialization was occurring
Population was increasing
People were moving from rural areas to the city
Due to the speed of change, traditional values and religion became less important
Propaganda was common
Democratic governments increased
More people could vote (the poor)
Educating the masses was important
Major countries of the war were at war all the time
Imperialism became common
There was a lot of poor people- Socialism
Militarism - armies and navies were built
Armies and navies were built up (militarism)
•Be able to identify the main causes of WWI and how they led to war
Militarism
Countries were building up militaries
Imperialism
going out and conquering territories
European countries went out and tried to conquer
Nationalism
spread throughout Europe in mid to late 1800’s
Economic Competition
Countries were competing for markets, resources, colonies, and power around the world
they wanted to make money
Alliances
official group of people that supports you in the time of war
MINES/ Assassination
•Be able to identify the countries of Europe during WWI and what alliance they belonged to
Austria-Hungary
multinational, dual monarchy
eleven major ethnic groups
Austrians and hungarians were the two largest
both made up less than 50% of population
many different languages, religions and customs
Government hated nationalism
•Be able to explain what and where the Powderkeg of Europe is and why it was called that
Powderkeg- something could explode
If something happened in this area war would happen
•Be able to identify the event that started WWI
the government of Austria- Hungary didn’t like Serbia/Serbians
“The serbian Menace”
Serbia wanted to make the Serbians living in Austria-Hungary, part of Serbia
The Black Hand was created in Serbia
secret organization whose goal was to unite all Serbs by all means necessary
Gavrilo Princip killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, igniting the Powderkeg
•Be able to identify the goals of the war for countries involved
There weren’t a lot of goals at first, but as time went on, casualties and costs increased, winning territory was a must
France
wanted land
wanted a buffer
wanted to weaken Germany’s military
Great Britain
wanted land
Italy
wanted land from Austria-Hungary
Russia
wanted land
Austria-Hungary
wanted to survive
Germany
wanted land
United States
wanted peace
•Be able to describe what fighting was like in WWI
trench warfare
types:
Front Line
Support
Reserve
“No Man’s Land”
Some people would get shell shock, they would eventually get so bothered by the constant shooting, they could not sleep and would have a nervous breakdown
Weapons
bayonets
flamethrowers
Grenades
Machine Guns
Pistols
Gas Warfare
Lachrymator (tear gas)
Asphyxiant (Chlorine gas)
Blistering Agent (Mustard Gas)
Tanks
Artillery guns
Submarines/U-boats
Zeppelins
Battle Ships
Airplanes
•Be able to identify the US policy that Wilson declared when WWI broke out in 1914
President Wilson declared that the U.S. was to be neutral when WW1 broke out
1. “Impartial in thought as well as in action”
2. Neutrality was successful for three years
•Be able to identify why the US was drawn into war and why we drew closer to the Allied Powers
Germany and Great Britain took goods from our ships
German sinking of British ships and killing U.S. citizens
Sussex pledge
President Wilson to Germany “End the attack on unarmed ships to risk the severing of diplomatic relations.”
Germany responded on May 4, 1916
said they will end the sinking of passenger ships
search merchant ships and make sure passengers and crews are not on the ship before sinking
the Germans guarantees were honored until the assumption of the resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare in February 1917
The Zimmermann Note
was coded telegram to Mexico asking them to fight against the U.S. from Germany
Germany promised Mexico that they would get the Mexican Cession back if they won
Germany wanted to keep the U.S. out of Europe
Beliefs of War Hawks
Teddy Roosevelt
they wanted war
Trade with england increased,
trade with Germany decreased as years went on
$3 billion in 1916 with england
British and American Propaganda
Preparedness Program- 1915
U.S. started arming and preparing for war
American Business
munitions business pushed U.S. into war to make money
•Be able to analyze WWI propaganda, identify it goals and evaluate the effectiveness of it
Propaganda- persuasive advertising
Committee on Public Information
Goal was to influence US public opinion to support WW1 in their own way
had a huge propaganda campaign to do so
used newsprint , posters, radio, telegraph, and movies to broadcast its message
Americanized German words
German measles- liberty measles
sauerkraut- liberty cabbage
George Creel
War bond is how we pay for the war
•Be able to identify how the convoy system works and the effectiveness of it
•Be able to identify the importance of key people: Woodrow Wilson, Charles Evans Hughes, John Pershing (general for United States soldiers), Ferdinand Foch, Bernard Baruch, Herbert Hoover, George Creel
•Be able to identify the costs of the war: US and grand total
Deaths- 16.5 million all
Military-deaths- 9.7 million
about 126,000 dead from U.S.
•Be able to identify the actions we took at home to mobilize our country for war
The Homefront
refers to what people did back in the US to help win the war
every country has a homefront
War industries board
Headed by Bernard Baruch
encouraged mass production
Food Administration
headed by Herbert Hoover
Had “meatless days” and “wheatless days”
“Victory gardens” were planted by schools and homes
Prevented hoarding of food by people
“Food is ammunition- Don’t waste it”
National War Labor Board
settled disputes between workers and employers
discouraged strikes
“work or fight”
headed by William H. Taft
•Be able to define what the Paris Peace Conference was
The meeting of the Allied victors following the end of WW1 to set the peace terms for Germany and other defeated nations
took place in Paris in 1919
involved diplomats and more than 29 countries
They came up with a series of treaties that reshaped the map of Europe and imposed penalties on Germany
•Be able to describe Wilson’s 14 Points
The fourteen points was a speech delivered by President Wilson to Congress on January 8, 1918
The speech became the basis for the terms of the German Surrender, was negotiated at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919
Other Allied countries did not like the 14 points as they thought it was too easy on Germany
The actual Treaty of Versailles had little to do with the fourteen points and so never ratified by the U.S. Senate
An end to secret treaties
Freedom of the seas
Free trade for all countries
Disarmament
End to colonial claims
Self-determination for all countries- Russia
Restoration of Belgium
Restoration of France
Readjustment of Italy’s boundaries
Austria-Hungary would be given opportunity for autonomous development
Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated and restored
Turkey should be sovereign (independent)
Poland would be given their independence
the “League of Nations” would be developed
•Be able to describe the Treaty of Versailles in detail and the impact it had on Germany and Europe
Territorial Losses
The following land was taken away from Germany:
Alsace-Lorraine (given to France)
Eupen and Schleswig (given to Belgium)
Northern Schleswig (given to Denmark)
Hultschin (given to Czechoslovakia))
West Prussia
Posen
Upper Silesia
The League of Nations also took control of Germany’s overseas colonies
Germany had to return to Russia land taken in the treaty of Brest-Litovsk, some of this land was made into new states
Military Losses
Germany's army was reduced to 100,000
army was not allowed tanks
was allowed only 6 capital naval ships and submarines
Rhineland area was made into demilitarized zone. No german soldier or weapon was allowed into this zone
Financial Losses
loss of vital industrial territory would be a severe blow to Germany’s economy
paid $33 billion in war reparations
Germany was forbidden to unite with Austria to form one country
General
Germany had to admit full responsibility for starting the war. This was a clause 231- the infamous “War Guilt Clause”
A League of Nations was set up to keep world peace
•Be able to describe why the US never ratified the Treaty of Versailles
League of Nations
Five permanent members
Great britain
France
Italy
U.S.
Japan
four non-permanent members that rotated
all members must submit disputes for investigation, arbitration and settlement
If member nation ignored, League could take action
Economic sanctions
France wanted an international army but Us and Gb did not
Germany and the Soviet Union were not allowed to join right away
U.S. never joined
Republicans thought it would pull US into European Wars
Congress was concerned it would lose it’s power to declare war if we joined
1. Concern over the league of nations
2. Politics
- US signed the U.S.- German Peace Treaty in 1921
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