Monday
The mongols
- A group of nomadic clans along the asian steppes
- the Kahn turned towards the west and razed cities and slaughtered whole population
mongols siege baghdad
- in 1258 Khans grandson hulagu, led the mongols to the outskirts of baghdad
- Hulagu would eventually take baghdad and burn down caliph's place and had tens of thousands of people killed
Mongols empire
- Halago executed the last abbasid by having him trampled by horses
- with brutality khan and his successors had shaped the biggest land empire in history
Fall of the mongols
- Didn't know how to administrate their territory
- there lack of knowledge of knowing how to administer their empire only lasted a few generations
Rise of the ottomans
- Out of the rubble of the mongol empire rose another group of the turks- the ottomans
- they would come build and rule an empire that lasted into the 20th century
Charlemagne Unites Germanic tribes
Invasion of western europe
- Problems- disruption of trade, Downfall of cities, population shifts, the decline of learning and loss of common language
- Disruptions of trade- Merchants lost most of their businesses, and lost money
- Downfall of cities- Cities were abandoned
- Population shifts- people moved to the countryside, and had no strong leaders
- Decline of learning- Germanic couldn't read or write.-Knowledge of greeks was almost lost
- Loss of common knowledge- spoke german in with roman population, new dialects invented
Germanic kingdoms emerge
- Germanic kingdoms changed wit the fortunes of the war
- THe church as an institution survived the fall of the roman empire
- During political chaos, the church supplied order and security
- After the fall of rome, small kingdoms started popping up all over rome
- Franks latter controlled the largest and strongest country
Concept of government change
- Loyalty unified Roman security
- Family ties and person loyalty held germanic society together
- Germanic people lived in small communities like the romans
- Germanic chiefs led a band of warriors
- followers lived in the lords hall
- fought to the death
- "Don't know, Don't Obey"
Clovis
- king at age of 15
- died 30 years later
- ruled all of ther the frankish tribes
- founded merovingian dynasty (france to today)
- Ruled over the roman province of gauls (France and Switzerland)
- His wife converted him to christianity
- Lead warriors against the german tribes
- he feared defeat, he turned to christian
- Tide of battle changed
- clovis franks) defeated them
- Clovis and 3,000 of his warriors asked a bishop to baptize them
Clovis conversion
- The church welcomed him and supported the military
- clovis united the franks of a church
- clovis frankish kingdom and a church started a partnership
Germans Adopt Christianity
- Politics played a key role
- the church and other frankish rulers were the converters
- settled in rome's former land
Missionaries
- Spread christianity
- Germanic and celtics groups worked along them
- lots of people became christians due to fear of muslims
Monasteries
- Community of monks
- Gave up all possessions
- Devoted their lives
- Nins are like moms but female and live in convents
Benedict vs scholastica
- Blessed
- born in christian family raised in the mountains northeast of rome
- sent to rome for schooling
- twin sister shadowy figure
- met her brother one a year to have a holy conversation
- buried in the same tomb
- She's a myth
Gregory 1
- The great
- the pope
- Broadened the authority of the pope's office
- Raised armies, repaired, helped poor, negotiated peace treaties
Feudalism
1- who were the three groups of people that invaded western europe
2- describe feudalism
Intro
- beginning france main military power
- muslims invaded from the sound and invaded south and
- muslims sacked rome
- magyar invaders struck from the east
- Vikings struck from the north
Vikings
- Vikings were germanic people
- nick names like bloodaxe, or skullsplitter
- Attacked very quickly
- Beached ships, struck quickly, went back to sea.
- ships help 300 warriors
- 72 oars
- weighted up to 20 tons
- sail in 3 feet of water
Jobs
- Warriors
- trades
- farmers
- explorers
Travels
- traveled down rivers into rome, constable
- sailed the icy waters of the north atlantic
Downfall
- AS vikings accepted christianity, they stopped raiding monasteries
- viking got more into farming
Maygars
- Group of nomadic people
- Attacked from easy-hungary
- Danube river
- attacked Western europe in late 800's
- Northern italy
- Burgundy
- Rhineland
- Took captives and sold them as slaves
Muslims
- Struck from the south
- from north africa, italy, and spain
- first plan was to conquer and settle europe
- after, their goal was to plunder
- attacked settlements on the atlantic and mediterranean coasts
- switzerland
Invitations take over
- Invasions by vikings and magyars and muslims caused widespread suffering and disorder
- Europe lived in danger
- People no longer looked up to central leaders, they looked up to local leaders
Feudalism
- in 911, 2 former enemies - rollo (viking) and Charles the simple (france) had a peace ceremony
- Charles solution to the vikings invasion was- he gave rollo and his men a big piece of french territory
- This became to be know as the northman's land or Normandy
- Gradually enemy leaders would start to make agreements throughout europe
- The Feudal systam was based on rights and obligations
- with exchange of military services a lord( landowner) would grant land called a Fief
- the person receiver the land was called a Serf
Pyramid
- King
- Vassals (wealthy landowners, noble or bishops)
- Knights (mounted horsemen that protect the land)
- Peasants- non land owners
Vast majority were peasants
most were surfs (people who couldn't leave the place they were born)
- Serfs were not slaves
Kings
- Most important
- had everything
- Give gifts to noblemen
- lead his troops into battle
Noble
- Land from kings gave loyalty and military
- organized agriculture and trade
church official
- Baptized babies
- Listened to sins
- gave funeral
- blessed fields
knights
- professional fighters
- protected land
- protected higher ups
Serfs/peasants
- worked everyday
- serfs lived in windowless dirt homes
- payed taxes on everything
- paid taxes on everything
- worked 12 hr days
Cheverly
KNight training
- sons of nobles
- started at 7
- practiced with wooden swords and shields
- At the age of 14 the sons became squires
- they took care of horses and their gear
- Most knights were squires for around 5 years
- Around the age of 21 the squires became knights
- they would participate in tournaments
- they would often be bloody
- sometimes the winner could collect ransom from the opposing side's leader
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