Monday-
WWI Goals- There were not goals at first they just fought, but as time went on and casualties and costs increased, the country's wanted territories.
France- Regains land from Germany, Cripple Germany's military, get colonies from Germany and turkey
Great Britain- Get German colonies in Africa and get Turkish colonies in the Mid-East
Italy- wanted land from Austria- Hungary
Russia-wanted land from Turkey
Austria-Hungary-Self Preservation
Germany-Wanted french land, wanted land from Russia
United States- Win and end the war, Wilson's 14 points
Objectives- Identify the US policy that Wilson declared when WWI broke out in 1914- Be Neutral
Identify why the US was drawn into war and why we draw closer to the Allied Powers
Analyze WWI propaganda, identify goals and evaluate the effectiveness of it
Key People-Woodrow Wilson, John Pershing,
Woodrow Wilson- President Wilson declared that the US was to be neutral when WWI broke out.
1. "Impartial in thought as well as in action"
2. US stayed neutral for three years
US involvement-
US was very upset with both sides in war. G.B. and Germany were both stopping US ships, Eventually US drew closer to war and the Allies.
German sinking of British/French ships and killing of US citizens on those ships Lusitania, Arabic,Sussex
Germany declared unrestricted submarine warfare in early 1917
Sussex Pledge- President addressed Congress in April, 1916 and issued an ultimatum to the Germans End attacks on ships.
Germany responded to Wilson's demands with the Sussex pledge. End the sinking of passenger ships.
Germany guarantees were generally honored until the announcement of the resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare
Zimmerman note- Was a coded telegram sent by the Foreign Secretary of Germany, Arthur Zimmermann.
The note was intercepted and decoded by the British cryptographers. Germany tried to get Mexico to declare war on the US. Germany promised Mexico that they would get the Mexican Cession back if they won. Germany wanted the US out of Europe.
War Hawks- Teddy Roosevelt, Leonard Wood
Trade with England increased and Germany decreased as years went on.
The US became economically tied to the war and making sure Great Britain won. We traded a lot more with the UK than with Germany.
British and American Propaganda swayed public opinion against Germany.
Preparedness Program- US started arming and preparing for war. Pushed by Teddy Roosevelt and Leonard Wood.
American business and banks pushed the US into the war for huge profits- The Nye committee said that the US went into war for money not policy.
General John "Black Jack" Pershing.
American soldiers were called Doughboys-
The Homefront- Refers to what people did back in the US to help win the war. Every country had their own homefront
What needs to happen on the Homefront to help win a war- need to recruit troops
Bernard Baruch- War industry Board
Regulated industry in US
Encouraged mass production, industrial production in the US increased 20 percent
Tuesday-
Herbert Hoover- Urged people to conserve food. Had "meatless days" and "Wheatless days"
" Victory gardens" were planted by schools and homes. Prevented hoarding of food by people. "Food is ammunition-Don't waste it"
William Taft- settled disputes between workers and employers. Discouraged strikes, "Work of Fight" Women hired during the war were to receive equal pay for equal work. Headed by William H. Taft
Committee on Public Information George Creel- goal was to influence US public to support WWI in their own way. Launched a huge propaganda campaign. The committee used newsprint, posters, radio, telegraph and movies to broadcast its message. Americanize German words.
Major Goals of US Propaganda- Enlist in the military-Buy war bonds-Conserve food-Encourage patriotism-Dehumanize the enemy
War bonds- how the government payed for the war. They wanted people to buy war bonds.
Wednesday-
Peace Process-
Define what the Paris Peace Conference was
Wilson's 14 points
Describe the Treaty of Versailles in detail and the impact it had on Germany and Europe
Describe why the US never ratified the Treaty of Versailles
Peace Conference- meeting of the Allied victors following the end of WWI to set peace terms for Germany and other defeated nations. Took place in Paris in 1919 and involved diplomats from more than 29 countries. There was a series of treaties that reshaped the map of Europe.
Four countries that were there that are the bi four, Great Britain, Italy, France, United States
Wilson's 14 Points-
The speech was intended to assure the country that the Great War was being fought for a moral cause and for postwar peace in Europe-not imperialism. The speech became the basis for the terms of the German surrender. They liked what America thought.
1. An end to secret treaties
2. Freedom of the seas
3. Free trade for all countries
4. Disarmament
5. End to colonial claims
6. Self-determination for all countries- Russia
7. Restoration of Belgium
8. Restoration of France
9. Readjustment of Italy's boundaries
10. Austria-Hungary would be given opportunity for autonomous development
11. Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated and restored
12. Turkey should be Independent
13. Poland would be given their independence
14. The "League of Nations" would be developed
Treaty of Versailles- 1919
The Treaty that officially ended the war with Germany
Territorial- The following land was taken away from Germany
Alsace-Lorraine-(France)
Eupen and Malmedy (Given to Belgium)
Northern Schleswig (Denmark)
Hultschin (Czechoslovakia)
West Pressia,Posen and Upper Silesia(Poland)
The league of nations took control of Germany's overseas colonies.
Military-
Germany's amry was reduced to 100,000 men
No tanks or air force
Germany was only allowed only 6 capital naval ships and no submarines
The west of the Rhineland and 50 kms east of the River Rhine was made into a demilitarized zone.
No German soldier or weapon was allowed into this zone.
Allies were to keep an army of occupation on the west bank of the Rhine for 15 years.
Financial-
They lost vital industrial territory that hurt their economy
Germany had to pay war reparations ($33 billion)
Thursday-
Germany wasn't allowed to unite with Austria to form a super state.
General-
Germany has to admit full responsibility for starting the war.
This was Clause 231- "War Guilt Clause"
League of Nations was set up to keep world peace
League of Nations-
Five Permanent
Great Britain, France, Italy, U.S, Japan
Four non-permanent members that rotated
All members must submit disputes for investigation, arbitration, and settlement
If a member nation ignored, League could take action
Economic sanctions, France wanted an international army but the US and GB didn't want to
Germany and the Soviet Union were not allowed to join right away
US never joined
The most powerful country didn't join the league of nations, and they didn't have an army to back up what we said.
Friday-
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