Monday- Talk about forum posts, and semester test. (Two weeks away) Can be taken individually, in a group, video documentary, or essay. Notes on bottom.
Tuesday- Continue notes on WWI.
Wednesday- Study day
Thursday- Continue notes
Friday- Continue notes
Notes on WWI-
WWI Extra Credit
Battle of WWI powerpoint-
Who fought
Dates
Where the battle ws
Casualties
Who won
Why was the battle significant
Include maps and pictures, sources
Central powers-
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Bulgaria
What was Europe Like
- Very nationalistic
- Willing to go to war to protect interests and national honor
- Industrialization was occurring
- Population was increasing
- People were moving from rural areas to the city urbanization
- Many people in poverty
- Due to poverty many people turned to labor unions and turned to socialism
- Countries competed with one another for markets, raw materials and colonies
- Countries also traded a lot with each other
- Leaders of countries related to each other
- Created "spheres of influence" in Africa and Asia
- Alliances developed
- -Triple Alliance Germany, Austria Hungary and Italy
- Triple Entente Great Britain, France, Russia
- Armies and navies were built up (militarism)
- US allied with Japan in WWI
Nationalism
- Swept through Europe in the mid to late 1800s
Economic Competition
- Great Britain, France, Germany (and others) were competing worldwide for colonies, natural resources, and markets
Powderkeg-Balkan Peninsula
- Called because of different ethnic groups
- Southern Europe
- Conflict could cause major war to break out
Austria-Hungary
- It was a multi-national, dual monarchy
- Had 11 major ethnic groups
- Austrians and Hungarians were the two largest
- Both made up less that 50% of the population
- Many different languages, religions, customs, cultures
- Government hated nationalism because of all the different ethnic groups
- "Crumbling from the inside out"
Assassination
- Serbia wanted to make the Serbians living in Austria-Hungary part of a 'Greater Serbia"
- Government despised Serbians and Serbia
- Black Hand created by Serbia
- Was a secret society that tried to unite all serbians by any means necessary
- Sent a group of 5 asassins to Sarajevo (Bosnia-Herzegovina) southern part of austria
- Gavrilo Princip killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophia in Sarajevo, igniting the Powderkeg, starting WWI
Chain of Events
- Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
- Austria-Hungary sends ultimatum to Serbia
- Serbia refuses to accept ultimatum
- Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
WWI Goals
- Winning territory
- France
Wanted land from Germany and German colonies, cripple Germany's military
- Great Britain
Colonies from Germany and Turkey
- Italy
Land from Austria-Hungary
- Russia
Wanted land from Turkey
- Austria Hungary
Survive, self preservation
- Germany
Land from France, western Russia, take over colonies
- US
win and end war
Wilson's 14 points
Von Schlieffen
Germany planned on invading France by going through Belgium where troops would be at border-France would surrender, Germany would focus on Russia to prevent a 2-sided war
WWI Part I Objectives
- Be able to identify characteristics of Europe in the late 1800s and early 1900s
- Be able to identify the main causes of WWI and how they led to war
- Be able to identify the countries of Europe during WWI and what alliance they belonged to
- Be able to explain what and where the Powderkeg of Europe is and why it was called that
- Be able to identify the event that started WWI
- Be Be able to identify the goals of the war for countries involved
Trench Warfare Three Types
- Front Land
- Support
- Reserve
- "No Man's Land"
Neutrality
President Wilson declared that the US was to be neutral when WWI broke out
1. Impartial in thought as well as in action
2. Neutrality was successful for 3 years
1916 Election
Woodrow Wilson (democrat) Incubent
Charles Evans Hughes (republican)
Wilson won
Platform was "He kept us out of war"
Causes for US involvement in WWI
- Great Britain and Germany were both stopping US ships
- Eventually US drew closer to war and the allies
Why?
- German sinking of british ships and killing US citizens
- Lustitania, Arabic, Sussex
- Germany declared unrestricted submarine warfare
Sussex Pledge
- President Wilson to Germany- "End the attack on unarmed ships or risk the severing of diplomatic relations"
- Germany responded on May 4, 1916 with the "Sussex Pledge.' Germany submarine policy- end the sinking of passenger ships
- They would search merchant ships for cotraband and make provisions for passengers and crews before sinking merchant ships
- The German guarantees were generally honored until the announcement of the resumption in unrestricted submarine warfare in February 1917
The Zimmermann Note
- Was a coded telegram sent by the Foreign Secretary of the Germany, Arthur Zimmermann, on January 16
- Germany tried to get Mexico to declare war on the US
- Germany promised Mexico that they would get the Mexican Cession back if they won
- Germany wanted to keep the US out of Europe
Beliefs of War Hawks
- Teddy Roosevelt
Trade with England increased
- Trade with Germany decreased as years went on
- 3billion in 1916 with England
British and American Propaganda
Preparedness Program (1915)
- US started arming and preparing for war
American Business
- Munitions business pushed US into war to make money
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