Monday- work day
Tuesday - work day
Wednesday- started presentations
Thursday- our group presented
Friday- presentations
Key Questions
Why did the Byzantine Empire fall?
Who was Justinian and what did he do?
What is the Justinian Code?
What are some similarities and difference between the Roman Catholics and the Eastern Orthodoxy?
Why did the church divide?
A new Rome in a New setting
-Inorder to regain Rome's glory, Justinian sent his best general, belisarius, to recover Nor Africa from the Germanic tribes
-Byzantine emperors had absolute power
-They were in charge of politics and religion
Life in the New Rome
-They were different but they had the same ideas
-Few spoke Latin
Justinian
-Byzantine Emperor
-Served from 527 to 565
-Married to Theodora from 525-548
-He wrote books
-He created the justinian Code and public building program
Justinian Code
-It was created when the empire was unified
-Marriage, slavery, property, inheritance, women’s rights
-his workers went through and got rid of the useless laws
-5,000 Roman laws that were useful
-Used for 900 years
Public building program
-the most ambitious public building in the roman world
-Rebuilt the constantinople after it crumbled
-His workers built a 14 mile stone wall along coastline
-His palace enlarged into a vast complex with baths, aqueducts, courts, and schools
Churches
-their greatest building passion was churches
-most visible sign of connection between church and the state in his empire
Education
-Subjects: Greek and Latin grammar and philosophy
- Memorized Homer
- Learned geometry, History and medicine
Empire
-manin street
-this is where merchant talls were lined
Hippodrome
-means horse and racecourse
-wild chariot races and performance acts
-could hold 60,000
Riots
-two sides started a citywide riot
-both sides angry with government
-killed 30,000 of the rebels
Justinian wanted to flee
The Empire Falls
-After Justinian's death in 565
-Empire suffered many comebacks
-street riots, religious quarrels
-On verge of falling many times
The Plague of Justinian
-Before Justinian's death
-Disease resemble what is now bubonic plague
-Hit constantinople
-Ships from India
-10,000 people dying every day
-Until 700
-Huge amount of population
Attacks from the East and West
-Ever since they came to power
-Lombards overran Justinian's conquests in the west
-Avars, slavs, Bulgars on the Northern border
-Sassanid Persians attacked in the east
-Persians and Avars- 626
-Rise of Islam: Arabs armies in 674 and 717
-Russians attempted invasions three times
-Turks took over Muslim world
-Used bribes, diplomacy, political marriages, and military power
-7th century Emperor Heraclius reorganized empire
-province became themse
-Empire slowly shrunk
-1350 empire was reduced to tip of Anatolia
-Constianople for 100 more years
-1435 city fell to Ottoman turks
The Church Divides
-During the Byzantine Empire- Christianity underwent a dramatic development
-western and Eastern-
-originally christianity and had one church- political conflicts and differences in beliefs
-Catholic church Splits western and eastern
Leaders for the church
-Pope the head of the Roman Catholic church
-Patriarch- eastern Orthodox pay honors
Don not consider him
-Differences continued to grow
-Pope and Patriarch excommunicated
-Official split- Roman Catholic Church (west) Orthodox Church( East)
-Missionaries from Orthodox
-Convert the Slavs
-Cyril and Methodius
Slavic Languages
-Now written in the Cyrillic alphabet
-The Slav were creating a culture that would form into Russia
Rise of the Turks
Abbasids
-Led by a caliph, the muslim religious and political leader
-Had ruled east of the Byzantine Empire since the 700s
-Had struggled to maintain control
-Lost Spain, then Morocco, and Tunisia, then parts of Persia and then Egypt
Turks
-The Tu-Kui were a tribe living on the plains west of China
-They are believed to have been the earlier Turks
-They were very skilled with horses and were nomadic, using camels to transport their stuff
-The Abbasids took note of their fighting skills
Turkish Soldiers
-The Abbasids began kidnapping young Turks to use as slaves and train as soldiers
-these soldiers gradually became very powerful and were know as the mamelukes
Seljuk Turks
-in the late 900’s, many Turkish tribes began migrating into the Abbasid Empire
-Once group was known as the Seljuks and they attacked and took over the capital of Baghdad
-They controlled the empire and conducted military campaigns against the Byzantines
Seljuks
-In the 1000s they conquered most of Anatolia
-They came closer the Constantinople than anyone before
The Seljuks and the Crusaders
Seljuks
-Malik Shah ruled as last strong Seljuk leaders
-No capable Shah appeared to replace him
-The Seljuk empire disintegrate
-With the Seljuks weak the West launched an attack for control of the Holy land and Middle East
The First Crusade
-Created by Pope Urban II 1095
-Purposed was to drive Turks out of Anatolia and recover Jerusalem from MUslim Rule
-in 1099 the Crusaders captured Jerusalem and set up a latin Christian Kingdom
Seljuk Return
-After a century of Christian Rule, a small part of the former Seljuk empire fought back
-A war between the West and the Muslims, lead Saladin, lead to the Muslims recapturing Jerusalem
-Eventually a truce between Saladin and King Richard the I of England and signed
Seljuks Secure Persian Support
Resian recruiting
-Seljuk rulers courted the support of their newly conquered Persian subjects
-Toghril Beg chose the persian city of Isfahan to be the capital of his kingdom
-Persians became loyal supporters of Seljuks
Persian Learning
-The Seljuks admired persian learning
-When arrived in Southwest Asia, they were unfamiliar with Islamic culture and religion
-They looked to their Persian subject for guidance
-They adopted feature of the Parisian life
Seljuk Rulers
-The word for Seljuk rulers is shas
-Malik Shah took pride in supporting persian artist and architects
-Malik beautified the city of Isfahan by building mosques
Seljuks Face the Mongols
Mongols
-The Mongols were a nomadic tribe of Northern Asia, located above China
-In the early 1200 Ad the Mongols were united under the leader Genghis Khan and became a powerful nation with a might army
-The mongols rapidly conquered China and much of Asia under the rule of Genghis Khan and beame on the most powerful empire in the world
Genghis Khan
-Born “Temujin” in Mongolia around 1162
-He became chief of his clan after father’s death
-He started building a massive army in order to destroy many of his enemy tribes in Northeast Asia
-The Mongols military success is owed to the mind of Genghis Khan
-He was gifted the name Genghis Khan by his tribal leaders because of his great success over rival tribes
-Next he moved into China to secure land and food
-Genghis Khan moved west because of a diplomatic agreement with the Khwarizm Dynasty
-Genghis Khan’s death is a mystery, but before he passed he gave his land to his sons
Expansion
-After conquering China, the Mongols moved west to expand their empire
-They burned and leveled cities, while killing who population, gaining land
-Baghdad was surround by by a defensive wall, which gave ground
Victory over Baghdad
-The savage fighting continued until Hulagu conquered the entire city
-Once conquered, the Mongols burned the caliph's palace and had tens of thousands of people murdered
-Mongol belief forbade the spilling of a sacred blood, so they had the last
Fall of the Mongol Empire
-The success of Genghis Khan and his successors created the biggest land empire in history
-The Mongols knew little about administering and controlling land, which ultimately caused the fall of the empire
-Out of the rubble of the Mongolian Empire rose another group of Turks, the Ottomans
-The Ottoman empire would last into the 20th century
Key Question : Describe the impact the Seljuk Turks had on Asia/ Europe?
: Describe the impact of the Mongols had aon Asia/ Russian ?
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