Blogs

Week of Dec 12-16

Posted by 1Kara on December 12, 2016 at 11:26am

Monday: presentations 

Group 1: Causes of WWI

  1. Allied Powers vs Central Powers
    1. Allies
      1. England
      2. France
      3. Russia
      4. United States
      5. Italy
      6. Serbia
      7. Belgium
    2. Central Powers
      1. Germany
      2. Austria Hungary
      3. Ottoman Empire 
      4. Bulgaria 
  2. Long term causes
    1. Nationalism
      1. Deep devotion or pride to one's specific country
      2. Competition and Rivalries began and developed between the European Nations for territories to take over
        1. Creating hatred between each other
    2. Militarism
      1. Powerful military power
      2. Keeping a large standing army prepared for war
      3. Wars caused huge arms race for military technology between each country
    3. Imperialism
      1. When one country take over another country politically and economically
      2. A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or a military force
      3. Imperialism led to rivalry and distrust among European nations and often almost led to war
    4. Alliance System
      1. Agreements between nations to provide aid and protect one another
      2. Designed to keep peace in Europe but instead lead to distrust and war
      3. Made major allies and later built countries against each other
  3. Short Term Causes
    1. June 28th 1914
      1. Archduke Franz Ferdinand Assassination
        1. Was gonna be the next King of Austria Hungary
      2. Gavrilo Princip was the assassinator
      3. Took place in Sarajevo
    2. July 23rd
      1. Austria Hungary presents Serbia with an ultimatum that is too harsh
        1. Give in to all demands that Austria Hungary had
        2. Basically become part of Austria Hungary
      2. Serbia tries but fails causing Austria Hungary to declare war and allies mobiles
      3. Causes the domino effect
  4. Reasons for US entering the war
    1. Zimmerman Note
      1. Telegram sent from Germany to Mexico that proposed an alliance between them
      2. Germany sends a telegram asking Mexico to attack America but British forces intercepts them and tells America
      3. America gets fed up and enters the war giving the allies the reinforcements they needed
      4. Germany attacked ships making America unpleased
      5. April 6th, 1917--America entered the war
    2. Sinking of Lusitania
      1. May 7th, 1915
      2. Germany warned that they would sink any boat coming across the Atlantic
      3. A German U-boat sunk the RMS Lusitania
      4. The sinking played an important role in making the American public anger against Germany
      5. America was primarily made of German people

Tuesday: presentations

Group 1 continued: Causes of WWI

  1. Goals for the Major Countries
    1. US
      1. Make the world safer for democracy
      2. The war was kind of seen as democracies vs monarchies
        1. Democracies
          1. France
          2. Britain
        2. Monarchies
          1. Germany
          2. Austria-Hungary
      3. Goal at beginning was to stay out of it
    2. Germany
      1. Weaken France
      2. Build empire in Europe
    3. Britain and France
      1. Weaken Germany to protect their allies
      2. Get colonies from Germany and Turkey
  2. Battle Strategies
    1. Von Schlieffen Plan
    2. The Gallipoli
      1. Strategy intended for ships to be able to pass through the Dardanelles
        1. The straight between the Aegean and the Sea of Marmara
    3. British Propaganda 

Group 2: US Home Front and Propaganda in WWI

  1. Home Front
    1. The people back home
  2. Propaganda 
    1. Persuasive advertising 
  3. Food administration
    1. Wilson requested Hoover to leave position of Chairman of the Commission for Relief in Belgium
    2. Hoover returns to country
    3. 3 years of intense fighting in Western Europe
      1. Devastated people/ ability to farm
    4. Food Administration goals
      1. Provide food for troops and Allies in Europe
      2. Provide food for American and Allied
    5. US based on a different idea than Europe
    6. "Food Will Win the War"
      1. Stop waste
    7. Posters, articles, workshops and educational material
      1. 15% reduction in domestic food rationing
      2. No rationing

Wednesday: presentations

Group 2 continued: US Home Front and Propaganda

  1. Food Pledge
    1. Food Administration initiated Food Pledge campaign
    2. Every woman was urged to register
    3. Was a pledge that you were gonna do your best to conserve food
  2. Role of Home Economists
    1. Taught public basics of food substitution
    2. On federal and state levels
    3. Traveled to demonstrate food conservation methods
  3. War industries board
    1. Established July 1917-1919
    2. Under the Council of National Defense
    3. Didn't have much power
    4. Bernard Baruch- president
      1. Started picking up after he became president
    5. Industrial productions
    6. Organized production of raw materials
  4. Committee on Public Information
    1. Woodrow Wilson headed it
    2. 1st time we needed large scale propaganda
    3. Week after we got involved in war
    4. George Creel- head guy
      1. Put together the committee
      2. Hired James Montgomery Flagg
        1. Created "I want you for US army" poster
      3. Put together 75,000 volunteers for speeches
        1. Talk about war effort in positive sense
  5. Espionage Act of 1917
    1. Crime if anyone says anything negative about our forces
    2. 20 years in prison
    3. $10,000 fine
  6. Sedition Act of 1918
    1. Reinforced the Espionage Act
  7. War bonds
    1. How we payed for the war
    2. Lent government money and got interest back in the future
  8. National War Labor Board
    1. Authorized in March 1918
    2. Main goal was to prevent strikes that would cause disruption of war industry production
    3. Appointed by Woodrow Wilson
    4. Persuaded industry to...
      1. Raise wages
      2. Improve working conditions
      3. Open themselves to negotiations with employees regarding labor contracts
    5. Work was praised by progressives
    6. Terminated after war ended

Thursday: presentations

Group 3: Warfare and Weapons

  1. Trench Warfare
    1. Rat infested
      1. Caused disease and infection
    2. Death traps for many soldiers
    3. 10 ft deep and 15 ft wide
    4. Supplied soldiers with protection and safety
  2. Tank Warfare
    1. Sketches first by Leonard de Vinci
    2. First used in Battle of Flers
    3. Somewhat unreliable
    4. Max speed of 4 mph
    5. Could cross an 8 foot gap
    6. Held 10 men 
  3. Aerial Warfare
    1. Anthony Fokker
      1. Dutch aircraft manufacturer
      2. Invented first machine gun fire through propeller
    2. Gave Germans an advantage over Allies
    3. Hot air balloons
    4. Both Allies and Central Powers fired artillery rounds from planes
    5. Eastern Front-used on smaller scale
    6. Most nations in the war developed Air Force
    7. Too dependent on weather
    8. Useful for spying on other countries troops
  4. Naval Warfare
    1. German U Boats
      1. Sank nearly half of the British and French boats
      2. Used torpedoes
      3. Like submarines
    2. Cruisers
      1. Carried the big guns
      2. Protected by armor
      3. Big and slow
      4. Very costly
    3. Merchant/ battleships
      1. Cheaper form of weapon
      2. Were used for long distance travel
      3. Had defensive mechanism
      4. High value trade
  5. Weapons
    1. Rifles
      1. British-Lee Enfield .303
      2. German Infantry-Gewehr 98
    2. Barbed Wire
      1. Used on Western Front
      2. Slowed attackers
      3. Made advancing over no man's land nightmarish
    3. Machine Guns
      1. Were refined and made easier to carry during WW1
      2. Could fire around 400-500 rounds a minute
    4. Artillery
      1. Caused majority of casualties in war
      2. Field guns
        1. Could fire 2 rounds of 290 lb shells a minute
    5. Poisonous Gas
      1. Germans used chlorine gas
      2. British used chlorine gas, phosgene gas and mustard gas
      3. Caused 1 million gas casualties on all sides

Friday: presentations

Group 4: Wilson's 14 points and Treaty of Versailles 

  1. Wilson's 14 points
    1. Open diplomacy
      1. Open covenants of peace
      2. No private international understandings
      3. Diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view
    2. Freedom of the seas
      1. Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas
      2. No blockades or sinking of ships
    3. Removal of economic barriers
      1. Establishment of equality of trade conditions among all nations
      2. Got rid of trade barriers
    4. Reduction of armaments
      1. Reduced it to lowest point consistent with domestic safety
      2. Have enough to protect your country but not to take over other countries 
    5. End to colonial claims
      1. We didn't countries to take new land
      2. No further colonization
    6. Conquered territories in Russia
      1. Russia is allowed to determine their own government
      2. All German troops will leave Russian soil
    7. Preservation of Belgium sovereignty
      1. German troops were to evacuate Belgium
      2. Will stay an independent country
    8. Restoration of French territory
      1. France will regain all territory
      2. Its invaded portions will be restored 
    9. Redrawing of Italian frontiers
      1. Borders of Italy will be established
      2. Readjustment of the frontiers of Italy should be effected along clearly recognizable lines of nationality 
    10. Division of Austria-Hungary
      1. Would be allowed to stay an independent country
        1. Did not hold-country split up
      2. They wanted them to be safeguarded and assured
      3. Freedom for the people living there
    11. Redrawing of Balkan boundaries 
      1. Central powers will be evacuated from Serbia, Montenegro, and Romania leaving them as independent countries
      2. Occupied territories restored
      3. Serbia should have secure access to the sea
    12. Limitations on Turkey
      1. The Turkish people of the Ottoman Empire will have their own country
      2. Other nationalities under Ottoman rule will have security
      3. They have their own government and are left in peace
    13. Establishment of an independent Poland
      1. Poland should be independent
      2. Open sea port
    14. Association of nations
      1. Called for League of Nations
        1. World wide peace treaty
      2. Protects all countries independence
      3. Asks for infinite peace
  2. Treaty of Versailles 
    1. Signed June 28, 1919
    2. 15 parts and 440 articles
    3. Territory
      1. Gave Germany boundaries and liabilities
      2. France wanted punishment on Germany
      3. Britain and US didn't want another war
      4. France and Belgium enforced it until 1924
      5. Germany wasn't given a say
      6. The Big Four
      7. Europe before and after WW1--map
        1. New countries
      8. Lost land to France, Belgium, Denmark, Czechoslovakia, and Poland
      9. League of Nations took control of Germany's overseas colonies
    4. Military
      1. Germany's army was reduced to 100,000 men
      2. Germany was not allowed an air-force
      3. They were allowed only 6 capital naval ships and no submarines
      4. Were not allowed tanks
    5. Financial 
      1. Germany had to pay $33 billion 
    6. General
      1. Had to accept the "War Guilt Clause"
        1. Said that they started the war
    7. Treaty of Versailles dealt specifically with Germany
    8. US never signed Treaty of Versailles
E-mail me when people leave their comments –
Follow

You need to be a member of History 360 to add comments!

Join History 360

eXTReMe Tracker