Monday-
What is world history? The history of the world
BC (Before Christ) and AD(Anno Domini? Yes
How old is the earth? 4.5 billion years
How old is the universe? 13.5 billion years
Where were the oldest human fossils found? Africa- Specifically Tanzania and Ethiopia
Who found the oldest human fossils? Louis and Mary Leakey, Donald Johanson, Recent Science(name ???)
What are some of the biggest achievements in world history? The wheel, Controlled fire, tools, weapons, the development of language, boats, art.
Louis and Mary leakey
Searched for hominid remains in Tanzania from 1930’s to 1970’s
Found humanlike fossils in 1959 in the Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania
Donald Johanson
Discovered a 3.2 million year old fossil of a female skeleton in Ethiopia named “Lucy” in 1974
- This was the oldest known hominid remains found until 2015
Agricultural/Neolithic Revolution
- Prior to more organized agriculture, people were nomadic and hunted animals and gathered plants
- they lived in groups of 25-70 people
- no one knows how things change, but about 0,000 years ago, people started more organized farms
- Along with crops people also domesticated animals, such as horses, dogs, goats and pigs
As time went on, people started setting up villages, which then over time, turned into town and then some towns into cities
as cities emerged, more complex ways of thinking and living emerged into civilization
as cities grew social classes emerged
Define a civilization- a highly advanced society
The Five traits of civilization
- Advanced cities
- Writing/Record keeping
- Specialized workers
- Complex institutions
- Advanced technology
What are natural borders? Rivers, mountains, deserts, oceans, sea's
why are definable borders important for a civilization to thrive? isolation
What are some natural boundaries that would be helpful to and early civilian? mountain, desert, ocean
- Arose in 4 separate river alleys around 3500 B.C.
- Fertile Crescent- a region in the middle east which curves like a quarter-moon, It goes from the Persian Gulf through the southern Iraq, Syria,Lebanon,Jordan,Israel and northern Egypt
- Mesopotamia- Greek for "land between rivers" located in Asia
- City-state-A city and the surrounding territory it controls
Functional like a independent country
- Dynasty-A series of rulers from a single family-father to son
- Cultural diffusion-Process in which ideas spread from on culture to another
- Polytheism-the belief in many gods
- Monotheism-the belief in one god
- Empire-a group of territories or nations ruled by a single leader
- Delta-A broad marshy area of land formed by deposits of silt where a river runs into a bigger body of water
- King Narmer-king of egypt that many believe united upper egypt and lower egypt around 3000 B.C.
- Pharaoh-the god-kings of egypt- seen as almost as powerful as gods of the heaven
- Theocracy-government headed by religious leaders or a leader regarded as a god
- Pyramid-huge structure where the Egyptian pharaohs are placed after they die
- Mummification-the process of drying and embalming a corpse to prevent decay, usually reserved for the royalty or rich
- Hieroglyphics-Egyptian form of writing
- Papyrus-What Egyptians wrote on, came from papyrus reeds found in marshy areas
- Indian subcontinent- the land mass that includes Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh
- Monsoon-seasonal winds that can bring dry air or heavy rain- huge impact on India
- mandate from heaven- a just ruler that has approval from the gods- an unjust ruler can lose their mandate to rule
- Dynastic cycle- the rise, fall and replacement of dynasties
- Feudalism-q political system in which the king gives land to nobles/lords and in ruturn, they vow loyality and military service to the king.- used in China, Japan, Europe
Tuesday-work day
Wednesday- work day
Thursday-work Day
Friday-Presentations
Zhou Dynasty
Political
- Came to power in 1046 BCE
- Lost power 256 BCE
- in 1046 BCE King Wu led and army of 50,000 troops against the shang army known as the battle of "Battle of Muye"
- Feudal System
Economics
- Agricultural
- Noble owned farm land
- iron tools increased harvest
- increasing population
- merchant and trader
Geography
- Located west of the Shang dynasty/China
- zhou dynasty is in a valley
- Located in rainforest
Social
- Started confucianism and Taoism (religion)
- confucianism -balance within yourself (self peace)
- Taoism-a balance of good and bad
- Created a Village School(poor) and a State school(rich) in China
- Bronze sculptures were abundant
- Nail painting first appeared in this dynasty
- They played music
- kite were invented
- Operas first appeared
- Board and card games
- Women were treated as inferior to men, they had to do what men said without question
Advancements
- Developed waterways
- Started to dye yarn
- First geographical maps
- Recorded astronomy
- Discovered magnetism
Phoenicians
Geography
- Made up of city-states
- Syria, Lebanon, northern Israel
- lots of forests and woods
Government
- Hereditary monarchy
- Along side the king were the council of elders
- matters of government were carried out by the priest
- priests came from the royal family or the leading merchant family
- 3200B.C.- 300B.C.
- phoenician cities very rarely formed alliances
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