Friday:
Chapter 1:
What is World History? BC and AD?
The study of the history of the world. Before Christ and anno Domini "In the year of our Lord"
How old is the Earth?
4.6 Billion years.
Where were the oldest human fossils found?
Africa (Tanzania and Ethiopia)
Who found the oldest human fossils?
Louis and Mary Leakey, Donald Johanson, Recent Scientists.
What are some of the biggest achievements in the world history?
Controlled fire, Wheel, Tools/Weapons, Language, Boats, and Art.
Dinosaurs were around 250-65 million years ago.
4 million years ago hominid walked on two legs.
Leakey's searched in Tanzania from 30-70 in Olduvai Gorge.
Hominid- the froup consisting of all modern and extinct Great Apes (modern humans, chimps, gorillas and orangutans plus all of their ancestors)
Donald Johanson found Lucy a 3.2 million year old fossil.
Neanderthal (something else) vs Cro-Magnon (human ancestor) vs Modern Man
Before agriculture people were nomadic (hunter-gatherer)
Lived in groups of 25-70
About 10,000 years ago organized farming happened (also domesticated animals).
Monday:
Villages turned to towns then turned to cities
As cities came up more complex ways of thinking and living emerged
Forming of social classes
Civilization- A highly advanced society
5 Traits of a Civilization:
1. Advances cities
2. Writing/Record keeping
3. Specialized workers
4. Complex institutions
5. Advanced technology
What are natural borders?
Borders that separate countries that aren't man made
What are some natural boundaries that would be helpful to an early civilizations?
Water source, mountains, and deserts
Why are defensible borders important for a civilization to thrive?
To protect against outside societies to keep that society surviving
Chapter 2:
Why the 4 river valleys thrived
Fertile soil, mild climate, waterway for transportation, water for crops, and drinking
Vocabulary:
Fertile Crescent- Semi-Circle of fertile land from the Mediterranean to the Persian Gulf and the Nile River
Mesopotamia- Greek for "land between rivers" (Tigris and Euphrates Rivers)
City-State- A state that has it's own government and consists of a city (a country as a city)
Dynasty- A series of rulers from the same family
Cultural Diffusion- Process in which ideas spread from one culture to another
Polytheism- Believing in multiple gods
Monotheism- Only believing in one God
Empire- Group of territories or nations ruled by a single ruler
Delta- A broad, marshy area of land formed by deposits of silt where a river runs into a bigger body of water
King Narmer- King of Egypt that many believe untied Upper and Lower Egypt BC
Pharaoh- The god-king of Egypt- Seen as almost as powerful as the gods of the heavens
Theocracy- Government headed by religious leaders or a leader regarded as a god
Pyramid- Large structure where Pharaoh's were laid to rest
Mummification- The process of drying and embalming a corpse to prevent decay
Hieroglyphics- Egyptian form of writing (pictures)
Papyrus- What Egyptians wrote on
Indian Subcontinent- The landmass that includes Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh
Monsoon- Seasonal winds that can bring dry air or heavy rain
Mandate from Heaven- A just ruler that has approval from the gods
Dynastic Cycle- the rise, fall, and replacement of dynasties
Feudalism- A political system in which the king gives land to nobles/lords and in return, they vow loyalty and military service to the king
Feudal Society:
King
Nobles/Lords
Knights
Peasants/Serfs
Babylonians for Group Work
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