Monday- Went over Forum posts and continued with notes Chapter 1
Tuesday- continued with notes and started with projects
Wednesday- work day on project
Thursday- work day
Friday- talk about labor day and started on presentations
What is World History? BC,AD, BCE and CE? - The history of the world. BC= Before Christ, AD= anno Domini (Latin for "in the year of our Lord" ) CE=Common era, BCE = Before common era
How old is the Earth? - 4.6 billion years old
Where were the oldest human fossils found?- East Africa - Specifically Tanzania and Ethiopia
Who found the oldest human fossils?- Louis and Mary Leakey, Donald Johanson, Recent Scientists (Name??)
What are some of the biggest achievements in world history? - inventions of tools, mastery of fire, development of language, inventions of wheels, invention of boats (the sail), art
Louis and Mary Leakey
- Seared for hominid remains in Tanzania from the 1930's and 1970's
-Hominid- the group consisting of all modern and extinct Great Apes (modern humans, chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans plus all their ancestors)
- Found human like fossils in 1959 in the Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania (Africa)
-This discovery would usher many other findings over the decades
Donald Johanson
- Discovered 3.2 million-year-old fossil of a female skeleton in Ethiopia named "Lucy" in 1974
-This was the oldest known hominid remains found until 2015
Neanderthal vs Cro-Magnon vs Modern
Agricultural/Neolithic Revolution
- Prior to more organized agriculture, people were nomadic and hunted animals and gathered plants- hunter-gatherer
-They lived in small group about 25-70 people
-No one knows exactly how things changed, but about 10,000 years ago, people started more organized farming
-Along with planting crops, people also domesticated animals such as horses, dogs, goats and pigs
-As time went on, people started setting up villages, which then, over time, turned into towns and then some into cities
-As cities emerged, more complex ways of thinking and living emerged leading to civilization
- As cities grew, social classes emerged.
Define Civilizations
Book definition- an advanced state of human society, in which a high level of culture, science, industry, and government has been reached
Student- a highly advanced society
The Five Traits of civilization
-Advances cities - 10,000- 50,000 population
-Writing/record keeping- writing down customs, their history
- Specialized workers -merchants, teachers, soldiers, priests, potters, scribes, metalworkers, government officials, farmers weavers
- Complex institutions -government, religion, economic leaders, education systems
- advanced technology -the wheel, the plow, the sailboat, bronze weapons
What are natural borders?- borders based around rivers, mountains etc.,
Why are defensible borders important for a civilization to thrive? - There is better protection
What are some natural boundaries that would be helpful to an early civilizations? - mountains, deserts, large body of water
-Arose in 4 separate river valleys around 3500 BC
-Fertile soil, mild climate, waterway for transportation, water for crops and drinking
-Provided for abundant crops and food surpluses
Vocab
- Fertile Crescent- The Fertile Crescent is the region in the Middle East which curves, like a quarter-moon shape, from the Persian Gulf, through modern-day southern Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and northern Egypt.
- Mesopotamia- the first organized civilization, made the wheel, (Greek for "Land between the rivers"
- City-state- a city and the surrounding territory it controls. Functioned like an independent country
- Dynasty - A series of rulers from a single family- father to son
- Cultural diffusion- process in which ideas spread from one culture to another
- Polytheism - belief in many gods
- Monotheism - Belief in only one god
- Empire - a group of territories or nations ruled by a single ruler
- Delta - A broad, marshy area of land formed by deposits of silt where a river runs int a bigger body of water
- King Narmer - King of Egypt that many believe untied Upper and Lower Egypt
- Pharaoh - The god - kings of Egypt-Seen as almost as powerful as the gods of the heavens
- Theocracy- Government headed by religious leaders or a leaer regared as a god
- Pyramid - huge structure where the Egyptian pharaohs are placed after they die
- Mummification - A process of drying and embalming a corpse to prevent devay. Usually reserved for royalty and the rich
- Hieroglyphics- Formal writing system of the Egyptians using pictures
- Papyrus - What egyptians wrote on. Came from papyrus reeds found in marshy areas.
- Indian Subcontinent - The landmass that includes, Pakistan, India and Bangladesh
- Monsoon- Seasonal winds that can bring dry air or heavy rain-Huge impact on India
- Dynastic cycle - The rise, fall and replacement of dynasties
- Mandate from Heaven -A just ruler that has approval from the gods. An unjust ruler can lose their mandate to rule
- Feudalism -A political system in which the king gives land to nobles/lords and in returns, they vow loyalty and military service to the king. Used in China, Japan and Europe
Ancient Egypt
-Political - depended in 2 important factors (Pharaoh and agriculture)
-Pharaoh - Appt. other officials , highest officials took orders directly from king
-Agriculture- Foundation of Egyptian government
-Famous Pharaohs. - Namer 1st dynasty and Snefry 4th dynasty
Economic
- Agricultural- wheat barley, flax
-No money system, bartered system
-Debens, 90 grams
-Crafts- Jewelry, perfume, pottery, baskets, rope
-Major exports- gold, wheat, barley, papyrus sheets
-Major imports- metals lapis lazuli, horses/cattle
-How they made their living- scribes/ official jobs, farming craftsman, merchants/traders
-Social classes Pharaoh, Nobility, Priest& physicians, artists/ craftsman, farmers, slaves
Geography
- considered Egypt the gift of the Nile
- black land- the only land they could farm on. Rich layer of slit
-Red Land- barren desert. Protected Egypt on both sides. Provided with precious metal
Social Religion
-based on gods and goddesses and the powers that they had.
-When there was lower and upper Egypt both kingdoms had their own religions. When they became one many of the the religious beliefs and cultures were combined
-believed that all the forces of nature could be identified as the children of a creator god.
-They believed that the universe was set in a way of life
Social- Education
- mostly boys from wealthier families and they started at age 7
-Boys were taught to read, write, and some mathematics
-some evidence that girls did go to school
-Girls normally learned household responsibility- cooking and sewing
-Majority of Egyptians did not receive any kind of formal education
-In royal families boys and girls receive equal education
-Royal families and high officials and nobles had to opportunity to attend Princes School. It though reading and writing the hieroglyphs, History, maths,
Social art
-was first created to show the king as a god
-represented man, nature and the environment
- the are was either pained on the walls or carved in relief
-types pyramids/tombs, temples,sculpture, pottery, glass, jewelry, hieroglyphics
-cooper, bronze gold, silver, bone, ivory, and wood were also used
Social entertainment and Gender roles
- Entertainment- board games, athletic games , danced, sand, swam, toys( clay, dolls, balls, and wooden spinning tops)
Gender Roles
-Women- bore and raised children, responsible for familiar and domestic relationships, tend to husbands, domesticate
-Men- taught sons hos to do the family trade, responsible for artistic work, seen as leaders of society
Advances
-Ships
-geometry
-Hieroglyphics
-Papyrus
-Ink
-Solar Calendar
Comments