MONDAY
What is World History? BC and AD and CE?
The history of the world
AD- Latin for anno Domini (Latin for “in the year of our lord”. Starts with one and works up
BC- Before Christ- Works down from one
CE- Common Era
How Old is the Earth
Earth is about 4.6 billion years old
The universe is 14-13 billion years old
Where were the oldest human fossils found
Africa- Specifically Tanzania and Ethiopia
Who found the oldest human fossils
Louis and Mary Leakey, Donald Johanson, Recent scientists (name???)
What are some of the biggest achievements in world history
Wheel
The control/ mastery of fire, being able to start them when wanted. To cook and keep warm.
Irrigation system- big for watering crops
Plumbing made things cleaner
Tools- hammers
Development of language
Boats (the sail allowed people to go further)
Art
Louis and Mary Leakey
Hominids- group of humans/ apes/ chimpanzees
Searched for hominid remains in Tanzania from the 1930’s-1970’s
Found humanlike fossils in 1959 in the Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania (in Africa)
This discovery would usher many other findings over the decades
Donald Johanson
Discovered a 3.2 million year old fossil of a female skeleton in Ethiopia named “Lucy” in 1974
This was the oldest known hominid remains found until 2015
Homo Sapiens: Neanderthal vs Cro-Magnon ve Modern
Agricultural/Neolithic Revolution
Prior to more organized agriculture, people were nomadic (moved around) and hunted animals and gathered plants- hunter- gatherer
They lived in groups of about 25-70 people
No one knows exactly how things changed but about 10,000 years ago, people started more organized farming
Along with planting crops, people also Domesticated animals such as horses, dogs, goats and pigs.
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As time went on, people started setting up villages, which then, over time, turned into towns and then some into cities
As cities emerged, more complex ways of thinking and living emerged leading to civilization
As cities grew social classes emerged- Priest were the upper class and lower class was the slaves
Define Civilization-
Book- An advanced state of human society, in which a high level of culture, science, industry, and government has been reached
Student Friendly- A highly advanced society
5 traits of a civilization
Advanced cities- Uruk- Population of about 50,000, which doubled in two centuries. Lagash- population of 10,000 to about 50,000. Umma- population of about......
Writing/Record keeping
Specialized workers- Merchants, soldiers, priests, potters, scribes, teachers, metalworkers, government officials, farmers, weavers
Complex institutions- religion, government, some type of economic structure. Formal government with officials and laws. Priests with both religious and political power. A rigorous education system for training of scribes
Advanced technology like plumbing
What are natural borders?- Natural formations like rivers or mountains
Why are defensible borders important for a civilization to thrive?-
What are some natural boundaries that would be helpful to an early civilization?-
Arose in 4 separate river valleys around 3500 BC
Fertile soil, mild climate, waterway for transportation, water for crops and drinking
Provided for abundant crops and food surpluses
TUSEDAY
VOCAB
Fertile Crescent- See map
Mesopotamia- Greek for Land between the rivers, SEE MAP
City- State- a city and the surrounding territory it controls. Functioned like an independent country
Dynasty- a series of rulers form a single family- father to son
Cultural diffusion- Process in which ideas spread from one culture to another
Polytheism- belief in many gods
Monotheism- belief in only one god
Empire- A group of territories or nations ruled by a single ruler
Delta- a broad, marshy area of land formed by deposits of silt where a river runs into a bigger body of water. SEE MAP ON NEXT SLIDE
King Narmer- King of Egypt that many believe untied Upper and Lower Egypt
Pharaoh- The god-kings of Egypt- Seen as almost as powerful as the gods of the heavens
Theocracy- Government headed by religious leaders or a leaders regarded as a god
Pyramid- Huge structure where the Egyptian pharaohs are placed after they die
Mummifications- The process of drying and embalming a corpse to prevent decay. Usually reserved for royalty and the rich
Hieroglyphics- Egyptian form of writing
Papyrus- What Egyptians wrote on. Came from papyrus reeds found in marshy areas
Indian Subcontinent- The land mass that includes Pakistan, India and Bangladesh
Monsoon- Seasonal winds that can bring bry air or heavy rain-Huge impact on India- SEE MAP
Mandate from Heaven- A just ruler that has approval from the gods. An unjust ruler can lose their mandate to rule
Dynastic Cycle- The rise, fall and replacement of dynasties.
Feudalism- A political system in which the kings gives land to nobles/lords and in returns, they vow loyalty and military services to the king. Used in China, Japan and Europe.
Feudal Society
Kings
Nobles and Lords
Knights
Peasants/ Serfs
Started on projects
Wednesday
Worked on projects
Thursday
Worked on projects
Friday
Zho Dyansty
1045
Wen Wang planned the overthrow of the Shang Dynasty
Wens son Wu
Religion
Confucianism- A system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius
Kindness, mutual respect, appreciation for character virtues, belief that society can flourish only when people learn to interact positively with each other
Taoism- A chinese philosophy based on the writings of Lao-tzu advocating humility and religious piety.
Yin and Yang, Live life and discover who you are.
Geography
Gobi Desert- North
Plateau of Tibet
Huang He (yellow river)
Education
Village school- Local school
Divided into 4 levels
State School
Children of nobility
Higher- level college and elementary school
Art
Bronze casting
Jade carving
Encouraged the growth of new visual arts like goldsmithing.....
Entertainment
- Music, dance, kites, board and card games, literature
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