Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday
Powerpoint notes:
What were some of the reasons the new deal was challenged?
Created a very powerful president, It was a radical departure from laissez faire ideals created “big government”, some acts appeared interfering and at unconstitutional, Heavy debt burden- the united states was engaged in deficit spending and this was unhealthy for the economy in the long run
Father Charles criticized for not doing enough for the banks
Francis Townshend thought he should do more for the elderly
Senator Huey Long- Share-Our- Wealth, Every man a king a lot of people liked his ideas Shot and killed by Carl Weiss in 1935 a lot of communism
Eleanor Roosevelt the 5th cousin to her husband, Teddy’s eyes and ears. Give him the details, and very big on women's rights and african american rights. Very outspoken first lady.
How did the New Deal Help?
Unemployed people- RFC- gave loans to banks, state and local govt’s and business’ to create projects/jobs for people. Gave state loans for emergency relief needs. Started under Hoover. Dissolved in 1946 after WWII.
CCC
Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA)- Enacted in 1933. FERA distributed more than 20 million dollars in direct aid to the unemployed. This in turn would help the unemployed to find new jobs. FERA had three primary objectives: 1.) direct relief measures 2.) provide work for employable people 3.) provide many different types of relief programs. Active during the first 100 days.
Public Works Administration (PWA)- Established in 1933. Part of the 100 days. Created as many jobs as possible in many different varieties. Great example of FDR’s “priming the pump.” Between 1933 and 1939 the PWA funded construction of more than 34,000 projects including airports, dams, aircraft carriers, bridges etc. Was responsible for 70% of the new schools and 33% of the hospitals built between 1933-1939
Civil Works Administration (CWA)- Established in 1933 to create jobs for millions of the unemployed. The CWA created construction jobs-buildings, bridges, schools, playgrounds, laid sewer pipes. In just one year, the CWA cost the government $800 million and was cancelled.(Just like the PWA)
Works Progress Administration (WPA)- giving work to people. It was the largest and most comprehensive New Deal. Built a lot of roads, bridges, buildings, and airport runways. Federal project No. one (Federal one) of the WPA was developed to give artistic and professional work to the unemployed who qualified. Consisted of FAP, FMP, FTP, FWP, and HRS.
Young people-CCC- Passed in 1933 during the “One hundred Days” The CCC was limited to young men age 18 to 25 whose fathers were on relief. Worked 40 hours a week and were paid $30 a month, with the requirement that $25 of that be sent home to family The U.S. army operated the camps. Planted tree, fought forest fires, stopped soil erosion. Helped construct military bases during WWII. Funding stopped in 1942.
NYA- Established in 1935 and was part of the WPA. Pushed heavily by Eleanor Roosevelt. Served 327,000 high school and college youth, who were paid $6 to $40 a month for “Work study” projects at their schools. It allowed thousands of young people to stay in school. Another 155,000 boys and girls from relief families were paid $10 to $25 a month for part-time work that included job training. Unlike the CCC, it included young women. The youth normally lived at home, and worked on construction or repair projects.
Banks
Emergency Banking relief Act (EBRA)- Passed five days after taking office-March, 1933. Passed in response to the thousands of banks that closed down. Passed four days after FDR announced the bank Holiday in his fireside chat. Which closed banks down temporarily. The EBRA would close down the bank, reorganize it and the reopen the bank when it was stable. When banks reopen on March 13, 1933, many people put their money back in the banks. Within a couple weeks, more than half of the money that people withdrew from banks was put back into banks. Generally ended the bank runs that was commonplace from 1929-1933
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)- Created by Glass-Steagall Act in 1933. Insured people’s money in banks up to $1000(today $250,000). Passed in response to the bank failures after the stock market crash. Insures money in savings and checking accounts, money market accounts and CD’s.
Federal Securities Act- Passed in 1933. MAde the stock market a safer place for people to invest their money. Two goals: 1.) “Required that investors receive significant information regarding securities being offered for public sale” 2.) “Prohibited deceit misrepresentations, and other fraud in the sale of securities to the public.”
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)- Established in 1934 and is still around today. The organization regulates the stock market- made the market more secure and safer for people’s money
Stock Market
Factory Workers
National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)- Established “Codes of fair competition” aimed at supporting prices and wages and stimulating economic recovery from the great depression. The law created National Recovery Administration (NRA) to enforce codes. The NRA tried to make voluntary agreements with business’ dealing with hours of work, rates of pay, and the fixing prices. Businesses which voluntarily complied could display the Blue Eagle. The NIRA also helped create jobs for unemployed workers (building schools.) Section 7A guaranteed workers the right to unionize. Declared unconstitutional by supreme court (1935)
National LAbor Relations Act/Board(NLRA(B)- Established in 1935. Conducts elections for unions. Stresses collective bargaining. Investigates and fixes unfair labor practices. Governed by a five-person board whose members are appointed by the president.
Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)- Established a national minimum wage-40 cents/hour. Established the 40 hour work week. Guaranteed time and a half for overtime in certain jobs. Prohibited most child labor. Still exists today.
Farmers
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)- Established in 1933. Restricted production by paying farmers to reduce the amount of crops plated. Its purpose was to reduce crop surplus so prices would go up. The farmers were paid by the federal government for leaving some of their land untilled. Ex. Six million pigs and 220,000 sows were slaughtered. Cotton farmers plowed under a quarter of their crop. Due to the nature of the Great Depression. Many US citizens saw the AAA as cruel. While people in the cities were starving , the federal government was destroying crops and livestock in the country. Farm prices were more than doubled.
Soil conservation and Domestic Allotment Act- Allowed the government to pay farmers to reduce production so as to “conserve soil” and prevent erosion. It was a piece of legislation passed in response to the supreme court's declaration that the agricultural adjustment act was unconstitutional. Educated Farmers on how to use their lands without damaging them. Took immediate action to contain the dust bowls effects by planting trees and native grass. Three years after the Act was adopted, soil erosion had dropped 65%
Rural electrification Administration (REA)- created in 1935. Provided farms with inexpensive electric lighting and power and eventually telephone services. Brought all electrical appliances that the cities had since 1920’s. Made long term loans to states and local governments, to farmers cooperatives and to nonprofit organizations to do the work. By 1939 rural households with electricity had rise to 25% (up from 10% 7 years earlier) The administration was abolished in 1994 and its functions assumed by the Rural Utilities Service.
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)- Created to generate electric power and control floods in a seven state region around the Tennessee River Valley. FDR signed the TVA act creating the TVA on May 18, 1933. The agency still exists and has grown to become America’s largest public power company. Some criticized the TVA for only helping a specific region not the whole country.
Homeowners
Elderly
Consumers
Native Americans
Friday
Farm Security Administration (FSA)
Established in 1932. Granted small farmers and tenant farmers money to purchase farms. The FSA also documented the struggles farmers had by taking photos of their conditions. The FSA also set up cooperative farmsteads.
Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC)- The typical home loan in 1930 required a 50% down payment and had to be paid off within 5-7 years at an interest rate of 6 to 8 percent. The HOLC was established in 1933 to refinance homes to prevent foreclosure. Used to extend loans from shorter, expensive payments to the lower payments of the 30 year loans.
Federal Housing Administration- The Federal Housing Administration was created in 1934. The goals of this organization was to improve housing standards and conditions and to provide an adequate home financing system. In 1965, the FHA became a part of the Department of Housing and Urban Development and is still around today.
Unites States Housing Authority- Created in 1937. It was designed to lend money to the states or communities for low-cost home construction. Homes were designed for low-income and homeless people. The USHA was absorbed by the National Housing Agency in 1942.
Social Security Administration (SSA)- Established in 1935. Provides retirement, disability, and survivor's benefits. To qualify for these benefits, most American workers pay Social Security taxes on their earnings. Future benefits are based on employee's contributions. Each person is given a Social Security number.
Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act- Passed in 1938. Gave the food and Drug Administration power to regulate these industries. Mandated a review of the safety of all new drugs before going to market. Banned false therapeutic claims in drug labeling. Authorized factory inspections and expanded enforcement powers by the FDA. Set new regulatory standards for foods and cosmetics.
Indian Reorganization Act- Passed in 1934. Abolished the Dawes Act and allowed Native Americans to govern themselves on a tribal basis. Allowed Native Americans to manage and keep their own land. Included provisions to help create job opportunities on Indian Reservations. this had led to many casinos on Indian Reservations. The Act is stilla round today.
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