Monday- finished movie and started US powerpoint
- US after WW1
- US never signed the Treaty of Versailles
- Wilson(Democrat) vs Congress(Republican controlled)
- Join the League of Nations or go back to isolationism?
- Republican Warren Harding won the 1920 Presidential election with a promise to "Return to Normalcy"
- The US went back to focusing on America in the 1920's and 1930's
- US never signed the Treaty of Versailles
- Neutrality in General
- The Neutrality Acts were passed by the US in the 1930s in response to the issues in Europe and Asia that eventually led to WW2
- Passed to ensure that the US would not become involved in world conflicts(war)
- Trade pulled the US into the war
- Neutrality Acts during 1930's
- Neutrality Act of 1935- stop trading with countries at war
- Neutrality Act of 1936- stop loaning money to countries at war
- Neutrality Act of 1937- Cash and Carry System- weapons not included
- Neutrality Act of 1939- Cash and Carry System- weapons included
- Bases for Destroyers
- Passed in September, 1940 between the US and Great Britain
- Fifty US destroyers were given to Great Britain in exchange for land rights(for 99 years) on British colonies for naval or air base purposes
- End of US Neutrality- Lend Lease Act
- The end of the neutrality for the US came with the Lend-Lease Act, passed in March, 1941
- This act allowed the U.S. to sell, lend or give war materials to nations the US wanted to support
- US gave $50 billion($650 billion today) to Allied nation throughout the war
- Selective Training and Service Act
- Passed in September, 1940 and ended in 1947
- Required that men between the ages of 21 and 35 register for the draft
- Extended to all men aged 18 to 45 once US entered war
- First peacetime draft in US history
- How did the draft work?
- Local draft boards were set up from coast to coast
- Each male registered was given a number between 1-7,836
- If your number was chosen, your were officially part of the US military
- VJ Day
- When Japan officially signed on USS Missouri
Tuesday- took notes
- German U-Boats
- After repeated attacks by German U-Boats on U.S. ships in the Fall of 1941, FDR announced that he had ordered the U.S. Navy to attack German and Italian war ships in the "waters which we deem necessary for our defense"
- War was imminent!
- Hunter-Killer Convoy Groups
- These groups would typically be formed around an escort aircraft carrier that would provide aerial reconnaissance and air cover for the convoy group.
- Enigma
- System in which Germany transferred their information through codes
- Allied Intelligence
- Churchill and Roosevelt knew the importance of intelligence in safeguarding Allied trade to deffeat the Axis powers
- The Allies shared information from FADAR and High Frequency Radio Direction Finding
- D-Day Facts
- June 6, 1944
- The D in D-Day stands for "day" since the final invasion date was unknown and weather dependent
- 156,000 Allied troops from the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Free France and Norway
- The Allied code names for the beaches along the 50-mile stretch of Normandy coast targeted for landing were Utaah, Omaha, Gold, Juno and Sword
- Omaha was the costliest beach in terms of Allied casualties
- Yalta Conference- February, 1945
- Before the end of WW2, Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt met at Yalta, USSR to plan what should happen when the war ended
- They agreed on the establishment of the United Nations, Germany was to be divided into 4 zones, Stalin promised free elections allowed in the states of eastern Europe(he broke this promise), USSR promised to join in the war with Japan.
- FDR dies and Harry Truman is sworn in- April 12, 1945
- Women in WW2
- Rosie the Riveter
- represented women workers in WW2
- Many women became nurses
- Rosie the Riveter
Wednesday- no school
Thursday- continued powerpoint
- OPA and Rationing
- The Office of Price Administration was established in 1941 nto control prices of goods
- Food rationing included restrictions on sugar and meat; clothing rationing restricted silk and nylon
- Gasoline rationing began in May 1942- five gallons per week
- Gas rationing was about saving ruber, not gas
- A black market developed in stolen/counterfeit stickers that were used in up to 30% of gasoline sales
- By 1945, there were 32,500 motorists arrested for using such false stickers, 1300 convictions, 4000 gas stations closed
- Stickers
- The "A" sticker was the most comon of the WW2 gas ration stickers
- Issued to the general public
- 3 gallons of gasoline per week
- The "B" sticker was issued primarily to business owners
- 8 gallons per week
- The "C" sticker has a much longer list- these are just a few
- Official Gov't or Red Cross business
- School official traveling school to school
- Transportation 4 or more to school
- Transportation of United States mail... ect
- The "M" sticker is for motorcycles
- The "T" sticker is for truck drivers
- The "X" sticker was issued in special instances for high mileage type jobs such as travelling salsemen
- War Finance Committee and War Bonds
- Over the course of the war 85 million Americans purchased bonds totaling approximately $185 billion
- Helped pay for the war
- It was an investment for US citizens
- As low as $18.75 per bond
- Ten years later gov’t paid out $25
- Causes of WW2
- In Europe:
- Treaty of Versailles
- The Great Depression
- Hitler's actions in the 1930's
- Mussolini's actions in the 1930's
- Failure of the League of Nations
- Policy of Appeasement
- Hitler's invasion of Poland
- Rise of nationalism
- In Asia:
- The Great Depression
- Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931
- Japanese invasion of China in 1937
- For the United States:
- Quit trading supplies(oil) with Japan in the summer of 1941
- Tough policies towards Japan in Fall 1941
- Pearl Harbor attack
- In Europe:
Friday- finished powerpoint and watched movie
- Effects of WW2 on US
- Stimulated economy
- 17 million new jobs created
- Average wages increased 30%
- Middle class greatly expanded
- Federal power during the war increased
- Shifted from state laws to federal laws- important during civil rights era and Vietnam war
- More women involved in the workforce
- More rights for African Americans- integrated troops
- German Nazi party was completely destroyed and Germany was broken up into 4 zones which became two countries
- Japanese cities were destroyed from bombing and Japan was placed under US military rule
- Most deaths ever in a war
- United Nations starts
- Cold War- US vs USSR
- Stimulated economy
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