Monday- finished video on Germany
Tuesday- Continued with Germany
Wednesday- No class
Thursday- continued with Germany
Friday- continued wit Germany
Germany WWII
One People, One Empire, One Leader
Treaty of Versailles
-Territorials
this land was taken from Germany after WWI around them and Colonies all over the world
France
Belgium
Denmark
Czachaslavakia
-Military
Germany's army was reduced to 100,000 men: the army was not allowed tanks
Germany was not allowed to have an air force
Germany was allowed only 6 capital naval ships and no submarines
-Financial
The loss of vital industrial territory would be a sever blow to the Germany economy
Had to pay $33 billion to the Allies (GB/France)
- General
Germany had to admit full responsibility for starting the war
Germany was forbidden to Unit with Austria
League of nations was formed
The German Reaction to the Treaty of Versailles
- Many right wing groups such as the Nazis believed in the Dolchstoss Theory (Stab in the Back Theory)
-Blamed the "November Criminals "( the Weimer Republic ) for accepting treaty
- German representatives in Paris knew that they had no choice as Germany was incapable of restarting the war gain
Weimar Republic
-The Great Depression helped Hitler get into power
-Chancellor ( the Head of the Government) Hitler was appointed at Chancellor
-The President died and Hitler became emergency leader and dimo
Hitlers Background
-Born in 1889 Austria
-Both parents died when he was young
-Moved to Vienna to be an artist, but failed
-WWI Hitler found his belonging. Austria military wouldn't take him so he went to the German military
-Didn't invent the Nazi party
Swastika was the symbol for the Nazi party
Beer Hall Putsch- 1923
- Hitler wanted to do what Mussolini and take over but he was arrested
Hitler's Trial - 1924
-He was his own lawyer, and the Judge gave 5 years but only served 9 months for good behavior
-While in prison wrote the book Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
Hitler Rise To Power
- Hitler is appointed Chancellor in 1933
- President Paul von Hindenburg dies shortly after and Hitler dissolves the Weimer Republic
- Early Actions of Hitler:
Drops out of League of Nations
Starts rearming Germany
Rearms the German Rhineland area
Anschluss with Austria- 1938- Unite Germany with Austria (took over Austria)
Sudetenland Crisis – 1938- “Re-uniting German speaking peoples”
Sudetenland / Munich Conference
-Chamberlain- Great Britain
- Munich Conference—Chamberlain: “Peace for our time”
-Hitler was given the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia
-Hitler promised that he was done taking over territories
-Hitler wanted to re-unite all German speaking people
-Became known as the “Policy of Appeasement”
-Winston Churchill- Opposed Appeasement- seen as a guy who wanted to go to war
Hitler takes over all Czechoslovakia- 1939 after taking some of it earlier a previous year. France and Great Britain did nothing. Then they had a meeting saying that if he takes another country they will declare war on Germany
Soviet – German Non-Aggression Pact
-Russia gave raw materials to Germany in exchange for money and weapons
-both agreed to stay neutral if the other country entered the war
-Secretly agreed to invade and spilt Poland. Germany would get the western half and USSR the eastern half
-Russia would get Finland, Estonia and Latvia and Germany would get Lithuania.
-How did the world react to this Pact?
- Shock
-Poland was scared
- Hitler thought it would force Great Britain and France to back out of their promise to help Poland if attacked
-A week after singing the pact German invasion of Poland. It happened quickly
Blitzkrieg-Lighting war
- Goal was to achieve victory as quickly as possible.
- Main force links up with other units encircling and cutting off the enemy
-overwhelm the people in the country and have them surrender.
-bombing constantly things like planes, supply lines
-Tanks coming inland, and go around, trapping them.
Sitzkrieg – The Phony War
-Britain declares war on Germany after Poland was invaded, but Britain didn’t do anything during the winter months after Poland surrendered.
-Phony war ends spring of 1940
Countries taken over in the spring, early summer 1940
-Denmark
-Norway
-Belgium
-Netherlands
-Luxemburg
-France
1939
-Poland
-Czechoslovakia
-Germany attack Franc through neutral Belgium and they didn’t need to worry about the Soviet Union
- “Impenetrable” Maginot Line-
Miracle of Dunkirk
-A city in Belgium
- Hitler told his men to stop before city lines
-Because of that stop thousands of men would have been killed and captured
A Divided France
-there were 3 different government in France during WWII
- Vichy France- Hitler said that the Vichy could stay in power and they helped Hitler in North Africa and rounding up the Jewish people and sending them to camps.
-Free French Underground
-The Rest of France was occupied by Germany
The French Resistance
-French civilians living in France under German control and they tried to sabotage the German
Axis Invasion of the Balkans (Yugoslavia) 1941
Great Britain was the nly county left standing, and never surrendered
Nazi Goals for Battle of Britain
Operation Sea Lion-
-How German was planning to invade Great Britain
Air Raid Shelters During the Blitz
-People would go to basements and in train tunnels
Results
-IN May, 1941, Germany decided to focus on attacking British ships and ports and thus stopped attacking cities
-British losses- around 40,000 civilians dead
46,000 – 139,000 injured
-German losses – 3,363 aircrew and aircraft
-Britain won by the fact that Germany did not achieve their goals
German Invasion of USSR- June, 1941
-Final Plan for Operation Barbarossa, Leningrad, Moscow and Stalingrad
Battle of Moscow
-The Soviet Winter counteroffensive December 6th, 1941 April 30th, 1942
- The Russian winter sets in and make is a huge turning point in the war
Battle of Stalingrad
- winter of 1942- 1943
- Deadliest battle
-around 2 million total causalities
The Siege of Leningrad
- On August 30th, 1941 the Germans took over Leningrad’s railroads, cutting them of from the rest of Russia and the world
- The Germans never took over Leningrad, but it was one the most costly conflicts Russia had ever faced- over million died
The North Africa Campaign:
- June, 1940- May, 1943
-We fought first German and Italy in North Africa (Operation Torch)
The Italian Campaign
-After we freed north Africa, we invaded Italy and they surrendered after one month
-Allies plan assault on weakest Axis area
-George S. Patton leads America troops
-Germans trapped in Tunisia
The Atlantic Wall
-Germans knew that D-Day was going happen
-Germans started making a wall in the Atlantic beaches to stop advancements of troops and tanks into France and Norway
-We sent out misinformation to through off the Germans
-D-Day the beginning of the end of
July 20, 1944 Assassination Plot
- Many people in Germany didn’t like Hitler and people tried to kill him, but he lived.
- Hitler was kind of going crazy during the last few months of war
The Liberation of Paris
-Ausgust 25, 1944- about two and half months to liberate Paris
The battle of the Bulge:
-Hitler’s last offensive during the war
-Worst battle for Americans in the War
-US & Russian soldiers Meet at the Elbe River (in Germany)- April 25, 1945. We let them go take over Germany because they deserve to take over.
Hitler Commits Suicide April 30, 1945. He married his longtime girlfriend and they committed suicide together.
V-E day May 8, 1945
Nazi Propaganda
- He was able to convince the people what he wanted them to believe
The Holocaust
- The genocide of approximately six million European Jews during WWII
-A program of systematic state- sponsored extermination by Nazi Germany through Nazi-occupied territory
- Approximately two – thirds of the population of nine million Jews who had lived in Europe before the Holocaust died
- some say that the definition of the Holocaust should also include the Nazis’ killing of millions of people in other groups from Germany and other occupied territory
-By this definition, the total number of Holocaust victims would be between 11 million and 17 million people
What is Genocide?
- Genocide means any of the following acts commited with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group as such
1.) Killing members of group
2.) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part:
- Member Countries must “undertake to prevent and punish”
Who was inferior According to Hitler
-Jews(6 million dead)
-Gypsies( 500,000 to 1.5 million)
-Mentally/ physically handicapped people (75,000 to 250,000)
- Soviet Slavs( 16.5 million)
-Poles (people from Poland 2.5 million dead)
-Homosexuals (5 – 15 thousand dead)
- communists/ socialists
-dark skinned people
-mixed races
-Jehovah’s Witnesses
What is the Aryan Race
-Nazis used term to refer to so called master race that originated around Germany
-Perfect Aryan was blond, blue-eyed, tall and muscular
- The original terms refers to a people speak
Lebensborn- Fount of Life
-The Program aimed to promote the growth of “superior” Aryan populations by providing excellent health care of living conditions to women and by restricting access to those deemed “fit”
- Houses were set up throughout Germany and many occupied territories
-Many Lebensorn children were born to unwed mothers which helped lead to many rumors of rape
-contrary to widespread rumors, women were not forced to have relations with Aryan Germans
Hitler’s Jewish Questions – 1933
- Nazis “temporarily” suspend civil liberties for all citizens in 1933- Never restored
-The Nazis set up the first concentration camp at Dachau in 1933. The first inmates are 200 communists
- Jews are prohibited from working as civil servants, doctors in the National Health Service, and teachers in public high school
-Most Jewish students are banned from public high schools and colleges
Nuremburg Laws 1935
- 1.) Took away German citizenship from Jews thus making Jews second class citizens by removing their basic civil rights
-2.) Established membership in the Jewish race as being anyone who either considered themselves Jewish or had three or four Jewish grandparents. People with one or two Jewish grandparents were considered to be mixed race
- eventually anyone with at least one Jewish grandparent was at risk in Nazi Germany
-3.) Jews could only marry Jews
-4.) No sexual relations between non-Jewish Germans and Jews
1936
-Nazis boycott Jewish-owned businesses
Krisallnacht- 1939
“Night of broken Glass”
- ON the nights of November 9, and 10 1939, the Nazis roamed through Jewish neighborhoods breaking windows of Jewish businesses and homes, burning synagogues and looting
-In all, 101 synagogues were destroyed and almost 7,5000 Jewish businesses were destroyed
-26,000 jews were arrested and sent to concentration camps
-jews were physically attacked and beaten and 91 died in the attack
1938
- All Jewish children are expelled from public schools in Germany and Austria
-Nazis take control of Jewish owned businesses
Hitler’s Final solution
-Genocide
1939
-Hitler orders the systematic murder of the mentally and physically disabled in Germany and Austria
- Jews are required to wear armbands or yellow stars
1940
- Nazis begin deporting Germany Jews to Poland
-Jews are forced into ghettos
0Nazis begin the first mass murder of Jews in Poland
1941
- Jews throughout Eastern Europe are forced into ghettos.
-In two days, German units shoot 33,771
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