Monday- Continued presenting on Cold War.
Tuesday- Bruns continued presenting
Wednesday- Continued presenting over Cold War.
Thursday- Work day on 1960's project.
Friday- Work day on 1960's project.
Truman Doctrine
- In 1947, the British were helping the Greek government fight against communist guerrillas
- They appealed to America for aid and we responded with Truman Doctrine
- Greece received large amounts of arms and supplies, and by 1949 had defeated the communists
Marshall Plan
- In 1947, US Secretary of State Marshall announced the Marshall Plan
- This was a massive economic aid plan for Europe to help it recover from the damage caused by the war
- There were two motives for this:
- Helping Europe to recover economically would provide markets for American goods, benefiting American Industry
- A prosperous Europe would be better able to resist the spread of communism
Brinkmanship- 1950's-1960's
- Brink - go to the end of something
- We have to war without actually going to war
- Hopefully they will back out
- Acted tough
- Threatened the use of nuclear weapons
Massive Retaliation/Mutual Deterrence/Mutual Assured Destruction
- Massive Retaliation
- Side A fires, Side B fires back
- Mutual Deterrence
- Scared to attack because because they will attack back
- Mutual Assured Destruction
- Because the assurance that everyone is going to die nuclear weapons will never be used
NATO
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization
- Coordinated their defence against Russia
- US alliance with Western Europe
- Set up after WWII
- First peacetime alliance in US History
Warsaw Pact
- Communist allied countries
CIA vs. KGB
- Central Intelligence Agency- 1947-Present
- Did a lot of spying
- Komitet Gosudartstvennoy Bezopasnosti
- Committee for State Security
- 1954-1991
Peaceful Co-existence- After 1953
- Don't have to like each other
- Don't have to have the same beliefs
- But don't have to go war against each other
- Work together peacefully
De-Stalinization
- Quit killing people
- Take out all of Stalin's plans
Détente
- Nixon went over to China
- Opened trade with China
- Went to Soviet Union
- Easing of tensions (Definition)
- Ronald Reagan did not like this plan
Mikhail Gorbachev Comes to Power in USSR
- The guy that brought an end to the Soviet Union
- Despised by many in Russia
- Seen as a hero to many in U.S.
- Brought democracy to the Soviet Union
Perestroika and Glasnost
- Perestroika- Restructuring of the Soviet economy and political system
- More democracy
- Free elections
- Glasnost- More openness of the Soviet government and for it's people
- Free speech and press
USSR's First Atomic Test- 1949
- Everyone thought it would be WWIII
- World became a better place
- Everyone thought it would become more dangerous
Nuclear Powers of the World
- Russia- 2nd
- U.S. - 1st
- China- 5th
- North Korea
- Great Britain
- United Kingdom- 3rd
- France- 4th
Nuclear Power Treaties/Organizations
- Nuclear Test Ban Treaty- 1963
- Underground nuclear testing
- Banned above-ground nuclear testing
- Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty- 1968
- "Prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology"
- "Promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy"
- "Further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament"
- SALT I Treaty- 1972
- SALT I froze the number of strategic ballistic missile launchers at existing levels
- Limited new submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM)
- Was signed but never ratified by Congress
- Due to Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan in 1979
Anti-Ballistic Missile- 1972
- Limited weapons that would seek out and destroy nuclear weapons once launched
- In the 1980's, President Ronald Reagan announces the strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
- US withdraws in 2002 under George W. Bush
- Withdrew due to missile defense system
The Ballistic Missile Defense System- Missile Defense Agency
- Program is designed to counter any nuclear missile attacks on the US or allies
Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treayt- 1996
- Signed by President Bill Clinton
- Not ratified by the Senate
International Atomic Energy Agency
- Weapon inspectors
- Go to countries and investigate to make sure countries are following the rules
INF Treaty- 1987
- Eliminated nuclear and conventional ground- launched ballistic and cruise missiles with intermediate ranges
- USSR and US
The START Treaties
- Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
- START I
- Largest and most complex arms control treaty in history
- Resulted in the removal of about 80 percent of all strategic nuclear weapons in existence
SORT - 2003
- Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
- Between US and Russia
- Stockpile both deployed and reserve nuclear weapons was to be cut in half by 2012
New START
- Signed by President Obama and former Russian President
- The number of strategic nuclear missile launchers will be reduced by half
United Nations 1945
- Replaced League of Nations
- Worldwide Peace Organization
Berlin Blockade/Airlift
- The First Berlin Crisis
- In 1948, the three western controlled zones of Germany were united, and grew in prosperity due to the Marshal Plan
- The West wanted the East to rejoin, but Stalin feared it would hurt Soviet security
- Stalin decided to try to gain control of West Berlin which was deep inside the eastern sector
- Stalin cut road, rail and canal links with West Berlin, hoping to starve into submission
Red Scare/McCarthyism
Bay of Pigs
Cuban Missile Crisis
Berlin Wall
Korean War
Vietnam War
China
The end of the Cold War
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