Monday- talk about recent forum posts. Continue notes on the Cold War. Notes on bottom.
Tuesday- Continue Cold War notes.
Wednesday- Continue/finish Cold War notes.
Thursday-Work day
Friday-Work day
The Cold war 1945 - 1990
US vs Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
definition
-A political, strategic and ideological struggle between the US and the Soviet Union from 1945 - 1990
- Spread throughout the world - Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America
Communism
(theory: everybody will be equal and everything will be perfect. Practice: people don’t have freedoms, don’t have opportunities) vs Democracy(a form of government that the people have the say)
Socialism
(promotes equality, and government own business, everything is provided, but there is a lack of motivation) vs. Capitalism (people own their own business, the harder you work the better you’ll do, but leads to inequality)
History of the Soviet Union
- Bolshevik Revolution (communist government is set up)
- Lenin (dies and Stalin comes into power)
-Stalin
- Purges, Collectivization, Nationalization, Five Year plans
-Soviet- German Non- Aggression Pact
- War with Germany
- Battel of Berlin – April – May, 1945
Causes of the Cold War
- Different political systems
-US is based on democracy, capitalism and freedom
- USSR is based on dictatorship, communism and control
- The Red Scare – 1919
-both thought their system was better and distrusted the others intentions
- Stalin despised capitalism
-Distrust during WWII
-Stalin breaking his promise to allow free election at the Yalta conference
-American fear of a communists attack (Red Scare) and USSR’s fear of a US attack
-USSR’s fear of the atomic bomb
-USSR’s actions in their German zone
-USSR’s goal to spread communism around the world
Yalta Conference Feb. 1945
-Before the end of the WWII, Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt met at Yalta to plan what should happen when the war ended. They agreed on many things
-1.) The establishment of the United Nations
-2.), Germany to divided into four zones
-3.) Free elections allowed in the states of Eastern Europe
-4.) Russia promised to join the war against Japan
-The “West”- U.S., Great Britain, France, West Germany
- The “East” – Soviet Union, Poland, East Germany
NATO-
still around today. U.S., West Germany, Canada, Great Britain, Sweden, and Denmark
Warsawpact – died out in 1990’s. Countries would be the Soviet Union, East Germany, and Poland
Post WWII/ cold war Goals for US
- Wanted to promote open markets for US goods to prevent another depression
- Promote democracy throughout the world, especially in Asia and Africa
- Stop the spread of communism
-Policy of Containment
Post WWII/ Cold war goals for the USSR
- Wanted to create greater security for itself
- Lost tens of millions of people in WWII and Stalin’s purges
- feared a strong Germany
- Establish defensible borders
-Encourage friendly governments on its borders
- Spread communism around the world
Key terms
-Iron Curtain Speech- couldn’t travel between east and west Europe, how east was communist and the west is not
-Domino Effect – Eisenhower- 1945- once on country becomes communist other countries will follow the USSR
- Policy of Containment- 1946- wanted to contain communist
- Truman Doctrine – in 1947, the British were helping the Greek government fight against communist guerrillas. They appealed to America for aid and were responded with the Truman Doctrine. Greece received large amounts of arms and supplies, and by 1949 had defeated the communists.
- Marshall Plan – in 1947, US secretary of State Marshall announced the Marshall Plan. This was a massive economic aid plan for Europe to help it recover from the damage caused by the war. There were two motives for this: 1.) helping Europe to recover economically would provide markets for America goods, benefiting American industry. 2. A prosperous Europe would be better able to resist the spread of communism.
"Brink"
We had to threaten to use our weapons against the Soviets so they would back down, even though we would not want to do that, because it would lead to war any many deaths.
Mutual Deterence/Mass Retaliation/Mutual Destruction- neither side will use weapons
Nato-
- In 1949 the Western nations formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to coordinate their defense against Russia
- NATO was a defensive alliance
- This was the first peacetime alliance in US history
- Still around today, and has expanded
CIA vs KGB
- Central Intelligence Agency
- 1947-present
- Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bexopasnosti
- Committee for State Security
- 1954-1991
Peaceful Co-Existence after 1953
Detente- 1970's
French for "Easing of tensions"
Richard Nixon
Mikhail Gorbachev comes to Power in USSR-1985
Perestroika and Glasnost- 1985
- Perestroika- restructuring of the Soviet economy and political system
- More democracy
- Free elections
- Glasnost- more openness of the Soviet government and for it's people
- free speech and press
Nuclear Power Treaties/Organizaations
- Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 1963
- Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in 1968
- SALT
- Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty 1970
- Prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology
- Promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy
- further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament
Anti Ballistice Missile 1972 US/USSR
- Limited the weapons that would seek out and destroy nuclear weapons once launched
- In the 1980's President Ronald Reagan announces the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
- US withdraws in 2002 under George W. Bush
- Withdrew due to missile defense system
- SALT 1
- froze the number of strategic ballistic missile launchers at existing levels
- Limited new submarine launched ballistic missile
- Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban 1996
- Signed by Clinton
- Not ratified by the senate
- Republicans took control of senate in 96
- We should be able to test
IAEA 1957
- Group that went into countries to make sure they were following the rulers
INF Treaty 87
- Eliminated nuclear and conventional ground-launched ballistic and cruise missiles with intermediate ranges
- USSR and US
The START Treaties
- Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
- START I (1999)
- Largest and most complex arms control treaty in history
- Resulted in the removal of about 60% of all strategic nuclear weapons in existence
- Expired in 2009
SORT 2003
- Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
- Between US and Russia
- Stockpile of both deployed and reserve nuclear weapons was to be cut in half by 2012
- Lasted from 2003-2011 when New Start took it's place
New START 2011
- Signed by Obama and former Russian President Medvedev
- The number of strategic nuclear missile launchers will be reduced by half
- A new inspection and verification system will be established
- Will last until 2021
- In 1948, the three western controlled zones of Germany's were united and grew in prosperity due to the Marshal Plan
- The West wanted the East to rejoin but Stalin feared it would hurt Soviet security
- Stalin cut road, rail and canal links with West Berlin, hoping to starve it into submission
- The West responded by airlifting in the necessary supplies to allow
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