Monday: We talked about forum posts, and then we continued with the cold war.
Tuesday- Wednesday: Cold War Power point.
Thursday- Friday: Worked on decades project.
Causes of the Cold War
- different political systems
- US bades on democracy, capitalism, and freedom
- USSR is based on dictatorship, communism and control
- The Red scare-1919
- Both thought their system was better and distrusted the others intentions
- Stalin despised capitalism
- Distrusted during WW11
- Stalin breaking his promise to allow free elections at the Yalta Conference
- American fear of a communist attack and USSR's fear of a US attack
- USSR's fear of atomic bomb
- USSR's actions in their German zone
- USSR's goal to spread communism around the world
Yalta Conference- February 1945
- Before the end of WW2, Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt met at Yalta to plan what should happen when war ended
- The establishment of United Nations
- Germany to be divided into four zones
- Free elections allowed in states of eastern Europe
- USSR would join war to fight Japan
- The "West"
- democratic
- The "East"
- communist
Post WW2/ Cold War goals for US
- wanted to promote open markets for Us goods to prevent another depression
- promote democracy throughout the world, especially in Asia and Africa
- Stop the spread of communism
- policy of containment
Post WW2/Cold war goals for USSR
- wanted to create greater security for itself
- lost ten of millions of people in WW2 and Stalin's purges
- feared a strong Germany
- establish defensible borders
- Encourage friendly gov't on its borders
- spread communism around the world
- Winston Churchill "Iron Curtain" Speech 1946
- Missouri
- an iron curtain split Europe
- you had the West and the East
- Domino Effect - Eisenhower-1954
- one country became communist and a bunch of others followed
- Soviet Union was mastermind behind it
- led to Containment factors
- Policy of Containment-1946
- year after WWII ends, we know Soviet Union has a problem and we need to stop it
- Truman Doctrine
- In 1947, the British were helping the Greek government fight against communist guerrillas
- They appealed to America for aid and awe responded with the Truman Doctrine
- Greece received large amounts of arms and supplies, and by 1949 had defeated the communists
- Marshall Plan
- In 1947, US Secretary of State Marshall announced the Marshall Plan
- This was a massive economic aid plan for Europe to help it recover from the damage caused by the war
- There were two motive for this:
- Helping Europe to recover economically would provide markets for American goods, benefiting American industry
- A prosperous Europe would be better able to resist the spread of communism
- Brinkmanship - 1950's-1960's
- Massive Retaliation
- Mutual Deterrence
- Mutual Assured Destruction
- NATO
- in 1949 the Western nations formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to coordinate their defense against Russia
- NATO was a defensive alliance
- This was the first peacetime alliance in US History
- America, Canada, Britain, France, Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Portugal, Denmark, Norway, and Italy
- Warsaw Pact 1955-1991
- CIA vs KGB
- Central Intelligence Agency-1947-Present
- Komitet Gosudarstvennnoy Bezopasnosti
- Committee for State Secretary
- 1954-1991
- Stalin Dies 1953
- Nikita Khrushchev - came to power (1953-1964)
- Peaceful Co-existence after 1953
- De-Stalinization - after 1953
- Detente- 1970's
- Mikhail Gorbachev comes to power in USSR - 1985
- ultimately brought an end to the Soviet Union
- Perestroika and Glasnost - 1985
- Perestroika- Restructuring of the Soviet economy and political system
- more democracy
- free elections
- Glasnost-More openness of the Soviet government and for it's people
- free speech and press
- Perestroika- Restructuring of the Soviet economy and political system
- USSR's First Atomic Test 1949
- Nuclear Powers of the World
- -Russia -1949
- -United States -1945
- -China -1964
- North Korea
- Great Britain
- -United Kingdom -1952
- -France -1960
- India
- Pakistan
- Israel ?
- Iran ? developing
- Nuclear Power Treaties/Organizations
- Nuclear Test Ban Treaty-1963
- Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty- 1968
- "Prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology"
- "Promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy"
- "Further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament"
- SALT I Treaty- 1972
- Richard Nixon
- President of US
- Nikita Khrushchev
- Leonid Brezhnev
- General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU
- SALT II was signed but never ratified by Congress
- Due to Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan in 1979
- Froze the number of strategic ballistic missile launchers at existing levels
- Limited new submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM)
- Richard Nixon
- Anti-Ballistic Missile - 1972-US/USSR
- Limited weapons that would seek out and destroy nuclear weapons once launched
- In the 1980's, President Ronald Reagan announces the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
- US withdraws in 2001 under George W. Bush
- Withdrew due to missile defense system
- The Ballistic Missile Defense System
- Missile Defense Agency
- Program is designed to counter many nuclear missile attack on the US or allies
- Missile Defense Agency
- Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 1996
- signed by President Bill Clinton
- Not ratified by the Senate
- "A ban on testing would damage the safety and reliability of America's existing nuclear arsenal, and it would be impossible to guarantee the cooperation among all countries
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) - 1957
- Weapon inspectors that investigate and supervise to make sure countries are following the rules after signing
- INF Treaty - 1987
- Eliminated nuclear and conventional ground-launched ballistic and cruise missiles with intermediate ranges (300-3,004 miles)
- USSR/US
- The START Treaties
- Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
- START I (1991)
- Largest and most complex arms control treaty in history
- Resulted in the removal of about 80% of all strategic nuclear weapons in existence
- The START I Treaty expired in 2009
- Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
- SORT - 2003
- Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
- Between US and Russia
- Stockpile of both deployed and reserve nuclear weapons was to be cut in half by 2012
- The goal was achieved in 2007 for US
- Lasted from 2003-2011 when New Start took its place
- Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
- New START- 2011
- Signed by President Obama and former Russian President Medvedev
- The number of strategic nuclear missile launchers will be reduced by half
- A new inspection and verification system will be established
- Lasts until 2021
- United Nation 1945- Present
- World Wide peace keeping organization that most countries are part of
- Replaced the League of Nations
- Has military force that can wage war
- The First Berlin Crisis (June 1948- May 1949)
- In 1948, the three western controlled zones of Germany's (US, France, UK) were united, and grew in prosperity due to the Marshall Plan
- The West wanted the East to rejoin, but Stalin feared it would hurt Soviet security
- In June 1948, Stalin decided to try and gain control of West Berlin which was deep inside the eastern sector
- Stalin cut road, rail and canal links with West Berlin, hoping to starve it into submission
Comments