Week of April 10-14

[4Anna]

Monday-

1. Hunter-Killer Convoy Groups
   1. Hunter-killer groups would typically be formed around an escort aircraft carrier that would provide aerial reconnaissance and air cover for the convoy group.
      1. Corvettes
      2. Destroyers
      3. Destroyer escorts
      4. Fighters
      5. US Coast Guard Cutters armed with depth charges and Hedgehog anti-submarine mortar
2. Allied Intelligence
   1. Churchill and Roosevelt knew the importance of intelligence in safeguarding Allied commerce to defeat the Axis powers
   2. Allies shared information form RADAR and High Frequency Radio Direction Finding
   3. RADAR provided a means of detecting vessels and aircraft above the surface
   4. HF/DF was used to locate the sources of enemy radio transmissions such as submarines
   5. Allied intelligence leaders began sharing code- breaking secrets, known as "very special intelligence" and classified under cover-names like "Ultra" and "Magic"
3. Enigma
   1. System in which Germany transferred their information through codes
   2. Solving the Enigma system remains one of the great Allied triumphs of WWII
   3. During periods when Allied cryptanalysts were unable to solve Enigma, U-boats caused great damage to Anglo-American commerce
   4. Bombe- Computer that broke the code
4. D-Day facts
   1. June 6, 1944
   2. The D in D-Day stands for "day" since the final invasion date was unknown and weather dependent
   3. 156,000 Allied troops from the US, UK, Canada, Free France, and Norway
   4. The Allied code names for the beaches along the 50-mile stretch of Normandy coast targeted for landing were Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, and Sword
   5. Omaha was the costliest beach in terms of Allied casualties
   6. By June 11, with the beachheads firmly secured
   7. More than 326,000 troops had crossed with more than 100,000 tons of military equipment
   8. Paris was liberated on august 25
   9. German surrendered on May 8, 1945
5. Battle of the Bulge
   1. 81,000 American casualties, including 23,554 captured and 19,000 killed
   2. The Malmedy Massacre, where 86 American soldiers were murdered, was the worst atrocity committed against American troops during the course of the war in Europe
   3. Worst battle in terms of losses to the American Forces in WWII
6. Yalta Conference
   1. February 1945
   2. Before the end of WWII, Stalin,, Churchill and Roosevelt met at Yalta, USSR to plan what should happen when the war ended
      1. The establishment of the United Nations
      2. Germany would be divided into four zones
      3. Free elections allowed in the states of eastern Europe
      4. USSR promised to join the war against Japan
7. FDR Dies, Harry Truman is sworn in - April 12, 1945
8. Women in WWII
   1. Rosie the Riveter
      1. represented women workers in WWII

Tuesday- 

1. WASP- Women's Army Service Pilots
2. Waves- Women's Navy
3. "Tokyo Rose" Iva Toguri
   1. Forced to broadcast propaganda to the Allied troops for Japan
   2. In these radio programs, she taunted the troops and played music from home
   3. She was a US citizen in Japan
   4. Convicted of treason
4. Native Americans
   1. Navajo code talkers
5. African Americans in WWII
   1. Tuskegee Airmen
      1. trained pilots

Wednesday- 

1. Hollywood in WWII
   1. Casablanca
      1. Took place during the war- love story
   2. Bob Hope and the United Service Organizations Tour
      1. comedian 
      2. USO
         1. Go around and entertain troops
   3. Bing Crosby
      1. Famous singer that entertained troops
   4. Cartoons
2. OPA and Rationing
   1. Office of Price Administration was established in 1941 to control prices of goods
   2. Food rationing included restrictions of sugar and meat; clothing rationing restricted silk and nylon
   3. Gasoline rationing began in May 1942-- 3 gallons per week
   4. Gas rationing was about saving rubber, not gas
   5. A black market developed in stolen/counterfeit stickers that were used in up to 30% of gasoline sales
   6. By 1945, there were a lot of people arrested of using counterfeit stickers.
   7. The "A" sticker was the most common of the WWII gas ration stickers
      1. Issued to the general public
      2. 3 gallons of gasoline per week
   8. The "B" sticker was issued primarily to business owners
      1. 8 gallons of gasoline per week
   9. "M" sticker given to motorcyclist
   10. "T"- Truck drivers
       1. Unlimited amounts of gas
   11. "X"- Issued in special instances for high mileage type jobs such as travelling salesman
3. War Production Board
   1. encouraged mass production of goods
4. War finance committee and War Bonds
   1. Over the course of the war 85 million Americans purchased bonds totaling approximately $185 billion
   2. Helped pay for the war
   3. It was an investment for US
   4. As low as $18.75 per bond
   5. Ten years later gov't paid out $25
5. Japanese Internment Camps
   1. Western United States
   2. Japanese were forced to sell everything they had