Week of Apr. 25-29

Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday-

Key Terms Continued
- Truman Doctrine
  - In 1947, the British were helping the Greek government fight against communist guerrillas
  - They appealed to America for aid and we responded with the Truman Doctrine
  - Greece received large amounts of arms and supplies, and by 1949 had defeated the communists
- Marshall Plan
  - In 1947, US Secretary of State Marshall announced the Marshall Plan
  - This was a massive economic aid plan for Europe to help it recover from the damage caused by the war
  - There were two motives for this:
    - Helping Europe to recover economically would provide markets for American goods, benefiting American Industry
    - A prosperous Europe would be better able to resist the spread of communism
- Brinkmanship-1950's-1960's
  - Willing to go into war without actually going to war
- Massive Retaliation/Mutual Deterrence/Mutual Assured Destruction
  - Massive Retaliation- Getting back at each other
  - Mutual Deterrence- Scared to attack because they will attack back
  - Mutual Assured Destruction- Nuclear weapons will never be used because the fear that everyone will die
- NATO
  - In 1949 the Western nations formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to coordinate their defense against Russia
  - NATO was a defensive alliance
  - This was the first peacetime alliance in US history
  - It consisted of:
    - America, Canada, Britain, France, Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Portugal, Denmark, Norway, and Italy
- CIA vs. KGB
  - Central Intelligence Agency-1947-Present
  - Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti
    - Committee for State Security
    - 1954-1991
- Stalin Dies
- Nikita Khrushchev-1953-1964
  - Takes over for Stalin after he dies
- Peaceful Coexistence and Destalinization
- Detente-1970's
  - accept the fact that there is two worlds
  - not okay with communism
  - Ronald Reagan did not like
- Mikhail Gorbachev comes to power in USSR-1985
  - broke up the USSR
- Perestroika and Glasnost-1985
  - Perestroika-Restructuring of the Soviet economy and political system
    - more democracy
    - free elections
  - Glasnost-More openness of the Soviet government and for it's people
    - free speech and press
- USSR's First Atomic Test-1949
- Nuclear Powers of the World
  - US-1945
  - Russia-1949
  - UK-1952
  - France-1960
  - China-1964
  - India-1974
  - Pakistan-1998
  - North Korea-2006
  - Israel-??
  - Iran-Developing?
- Nuclear Power Treaties/Organizations
  - Nuclear Test Ban Treaty-1963
    - Underground nuclear testing
  - Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty-1968-1970
    - "Prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology"
    - "Promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy"
    - "Further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament"
  - SALT I TREATY-US/USSR-1972
    - SALT I froze the number of strategic ballistic missile launchers at existing levels
    - Limited new submarine-launched ballistic missile(SLBM).
  - SALT II was signed but never ratified by Congress
    - Due to Soviet Union's Invasion of Afghanistan in 1979
  - Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty-1996
    - Signed by president Bill Clinton
    - Not ratified by the Senate
    - Why? Senate reasoning:
      - "A ban on testing would damage the safety and reliabililty
- Anti-Ballistic Missile-1972-US/USSR
  - Limited weapons that would seek out and destroy nuclear weapons once launched
  - In the 1980's, President Ronald Reagan announces the Strategic Defense Initiative(SDI)
  - US withdraws in 2002 under George W. Bush
    - Withdrew due to missile defense system
- The Ballistic Missile Defense System-Missile Defense Agency
  - Program is designed to counter any nuclear missile attack on the US or Allies
- International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)-1957
- INF Treaty-1987
  - Eliminated nuclear and conventional ground-launched ballistic and cruise missiles with intermediate ranges(300-3,400 miles)
  - USSR and US
- The START Treaties
  - Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
  - Start II(1991)
  - Largest and most complex arms control treaty in history
- SORT-2003
  - Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
  - Between US and Russia
  - Stockpile of both deployed and reserve nuclear weapons was to be cut
- New START-2011
  - Signed by President Obama and former Russian President Medvedev
  - The number of strategic nuclear missile launchers will be reduced by half
  - A new inspection and verification
- United Nations-1945-Present
  - Worldwide peace keeping organization
Cold War Stories
- The First Berlin Crisis-(June 1948-May 1949)
  - "Berlin Blockade"
    - Stalin blockaded the city
    - Close to war-War-like move
    - US forcing their way into the blockade would start a war
    - US started dropping supplies into the city from the air
    - In May 1949, Russia admitted the defeat

Thursday,Friday- Decades Project WorkDays.

Blogs

Week of Apr. 25-29

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