Monday- No School
Tuesday- started Axis powers presentations
Wednesday- I was gone I got notes from Ellen
Thursday- Japan in WWII
Friday- continued with Japan in WWII and started on Germany in WWII
Italy in WWII
1919- 1945
Benito Mussolini - he was a newspaper writer. He was born with a Catholic mother and Atheist father. Went to Catholic and hated it. He fought in WWI and before he went into the war he hated war. WWI changed him, he became
Italy after WWI
- Italy was very displeased with the Treaty of Versailles
- wanted to get more land than they got
- Italy joined the League of Nations and was a member from 1919 until they withdrew in 1937
Washington Naval Conference
- signed the 5 power pact- designed to prevent and arm's race
-limited the construction of battleships, battle cruisers and aircraft
- signed the 9 Power Pact- guaranteed Chinese independence
-Signed Kellogg- Briand Pact- Countries outlawed war
March on Rome- October 1922
-A march by Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party
- Mussolini and the Fascists won and took over Italy
King Victory Emmanuel (there in the background)
-Did not fight Mussolini's take over in Italy
-Wanted to avoid a civil war and also wanted to keep communists out of Italy
Established Fascism in Italy
- A government led by a strong dictator
- Stresses strong nationalism(pride in their country), militarism(building up Military) and imperialism(taking land out of country) (Mussolini wanted North Africa)
-Uses intimidation to get what they want
Ethiopia invaded by Mussolini in 1936
- Italy lost its Ethiopia colony in Africa at the 1896 Battle of Adua
- One of the worst colonial disasters of modern History
-Feb. 23, 1935 Italy sends large forces into Ethiopia
Italy/Ethiopia Invasion
- Nov. 18, 1935, League of Nations sanctions begin
- arms embargo, financial embargo, non-importation of Italian goods
- May 5 Italy occupied Addis Ababa- annexed all Ethiopia on May 9
Generalissimo Francisco Franco and the Spanish civil war
- Hitler and Mussolini send troops and weapon to help Franco win the civil war against the communists
- This war served as a important training ground for Hitler's and Mussolini's troop
Rome- Berlin Axis 1936
Tripartite Pact is signed forming the Axis Powers- 1940 Germany, Italy and Japan
- Goals
- Make a new Roman Empire
- Make the Mediterranean and "Italian Lake"
- Take over northern African colonies of Britain and France-especially Egypt
- Take over southeastern Europe-Greece and Albania
- Take over parts of the Middle East
- Italy's Defeat - 1943
- Operation Torch - invading north Africa
- Moved into Italy and they surrendered and become allies in late 1943
- Why they lost
- Was not prepared militarily to fight a prolonged war
- Germany had to constantly bail them out
- Italian Troops were spread too thin
- The people of Italy were not prepared to fight or motivated to fight, they were forced to fight
- Overall, Italy was a weak country
- Was not prepared militarily to fight a prolonged war
- Effects
- 410,000 dead
- Spent $94 billion
- Italy had joined Allies by 1943
- US gave millions of dollars to Italy (Marshall Plan) to help rebuild after the war
- Became a member of NATO in 1949
- Became a member of the United Nations in 1955
Japan in WWII
- Japan (play John Cena music in the background)
- Earthquake (Great Kanto)
- 7.9 magnitude
- 140,000 killed
- September 1st, 1923
- End of Alliance with GB
- Anglo-Japanese Treaty
- Lasted 21 years
- Jan. 30 1902-1923
- Late 1920s
- Extreme nationalism instilled
- 1936
- Signed alliance with Nazi Germany
- 1937
- Took over China
- 1931-1932
- Takes control of Manchuria
- Wanted to extend empire across islands
- Only took a couple of days
- Left League of Nations
- 40 countries voted against them
- Takes control of Manchuria
- Isoroki Yamamoto
- Born in 1884
- Family of 7 (youngest)
- Means 56 - because it was related to his father's age when he was born
- Adopted by the Yamamoto family
- wasn't born imperial
- Attended Harvard
- Navy/Navy Marshal General
- Mastermind behind Pearl Harbor (warned against it though)
- Died in April of 1943 in a plane crash with American fighter pilots
- Admiral Chuichi Nagumo
- Carried out Pearl Habor attacks
- No prior naval experience
- Earned commander of military service and dedication
- Cosidered a man of action
- Very passionate man
- Generous and loving
- Strategies
- Take the islands first
- Secure China
- Wanted more land because the islands had resources
- Build the best planes and ships because they didn't have the power/resources to keep on reproducing
- Major Battles
- Pearl Harbor
- Decemeber 7th, 1941
- Coral Sea
- Saves Australia and Port Moresby
- Midway
- The Japanese suffer heavy losses
- Guadacanal
- Major for further attacks for both sides
- Philippine Sea
- The Japanese navy/airforce is decimated
- Iwo Jima
- Best island to bomb Japan from
- Okinawa
- Strategic island to launch a base to invade
- Pearl Harbor
- Total Casualties
- 2,500,000
- Lost 3.5-4.5% of their population
- Spent $56 billion
- Also used war bonds
- War Goals
- Gain resources
- Space and respect
- Home island couldn't support the gorwing population
- No longer wanted help from the outside, so they invaded China
- New land and resources that China provided allowed Japan to stay in the war
- Gain resources
- Emperor Hirohito
- Became pine at age 15 on November 2nd, 1916
- Lost power after his death
- He was the longest reigning emperor from 1926-1989
- Earthquake (Great Kanto)
-Hideki Tojo
Tojo was the military leader of Japan in WWII
Born December 30th, 1884
Died December 23, 1948
Attended the Imperial Japanese Army Academy Achieved power from this great military success
-Why the lost the war
We stopped trading with them
Needed supplies and other things like fuel/oil
Failed attempt to destroy carries at attack of Pearl Harbor
Nearly all ships were brought back into battle
Breaking the Japanese Naval Code
Destroyed them in the Battle of Midway and other battles because of this
Mass production by the U.S.
Produced at a higher rate faster than they could destroy
Bombing of Nagasaki and Hiroshima
-Impact WWII had on Japan
Official end of war for the US was September 2 1945
All large cities were severely damaged
Japan lost almost all land acquired before and during WWII
War crimes trial were held
Emperor lost political and military power
Forbidden to lead war again and to maintain an army
Facts about Atomic Bombs
80,000 people died instantly
2 billion was the cost of the Manhattan Project
Over 200,000 people died of radiation sickness and starvation
Tokyo Rose -
Japan's Homefront
-Japans government controlled the media, only let the media publish Japan's victories during WWII, the public did not know about Japans losing battles until injured soldiers were coming home and started to tell people
-Japan was a industrialized country by had poor resources
-The reason Japan invaded China is because China offered both valuable raw materials as well as a vast market for Japan's industrial outputs
Soviet - Japanese Neutrality Pact
-The USSR and Japan signed an agreement to not fight one another in April, 1941
-Japan considered breaking this once Germany (their ally)
-The USSR broke this treaty
The Road to Pearl Harbor
-Hideki Tojo, and Emperor Hirohito
Admiral Yamamoto- he came up with the Pearl Harbor attack
Why did Japan Japan attack Pearl Harbor
- US stopped trading with Japan.
-They needed resources
-Attack us before we got into the war
The Japanese also bombed many other counties on December 7, 1941
The Battle of Coral Sea and Midway were major turning points in the war.
Kamikazes-
Battle of Leyte Gulf- Philippines- famous battle when taking back the Philippines
Iwo Jima - Soldiers were told not to fire until the US was secure on the Island
Battle of Okinawa-
We were bombing Japan cities daily
Potsdam Conference July,1945
- Only July 26, The United States, Great Britain, and China issued the Postdam Declaration
-Announced the terms for Japan's surrender
- "We will not deviate from them. There are no alternatives."
-Dismantle the current government of Japan (excluding Emperor Hirohito)
- The allies (US will occupy Japan
- Japan will consists only of the major islands. It will lose all territory gained in WWII and years leading up to it
- Japanese military forces will be disarmed and allowed to return home
- There will be war crimes trials for the atrocities committed by Japan throughout WWII
- Democracy will be promoted as well as Freedom of speech, religion, and of thought, as well as respect for fendamental human rights
-Japan will be allowed to have industry so they an make money to pay back reparation. Worled trade will also be enabled at some point
-Allied occupation of Japan.
Germany in WWII
Basic facts
-Axis power
-Leader was Adolf Hitler
Deaths
-5 million militrary Deaths
- 700,000 Civilian deaths
-total 7 million people
Other
- when Hitler visted Paris buring WWII, the french people cut the eiffel tow lift cable so he would have to clime the stairs
-William Sebold- was a double agent for the US and Germany
- William Hitler (Huston)- was the nephew of Hitler, his home was bombed by German people and then moved to America to join the U.S. Navy
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