Monday- started presentations
Tuesday- continued with presentations
Wednesday- State Basketball. Free day
Thursday- US in WWII
Friday- Great Britain in WWII
US in WWII
Major events that impacted their country between WWI and WWII.
- US never signed the Treaty of Versailles
Wilson (Dem.) vs. Congress
oin the League of Nations or go back to isolationism.
-Republican Warren Harding won the 1920 Presidential election with a promise to “Return to Normalcy”
4 Power Pact
- Treaty signed by the United States, Great Britain, France and Japan at the Washing ton Naval Conference in 1921
- Countries agreed to respect each other’s possessions in the Pacific and not seek further territory.
5 Power Pact
-Signed by Great Britain, the United States, Japan, France, and Italy.
- Designed to prevent an arm's race.
-It limited the construction of battleships, battle cruisers and aircraft carriers.
-did not restrict cruisers, destroyers or submarines.
9 Power Pact
-Guaranteed Chinese independence and upheld the Open Door Policy.
- Signed by the United States, Japan, China, France, Great Britain, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, and Portugal.
Kellogg- Briand Pact
- Countries that signed agreed to not go to war to settle disputes.
- Australia, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Great Britain, India, the Irish Free State, Italy, Japan
-65 countries eventually signed it.
London Naval Conference- 1931
- Concerned with the agreements reached in Washington Naval Conference. The UK, the USA, France, Italy and Japan attended.
-Set up to make 5 Power Pact stronger
Neutrality in General
- the Neutrality Acts were passed by the US in 1930’s in response to the issues in Europe and Asia that eventually led to WWII
- they were caused by the desire to be isolationist in the US following WWI
- Passed to ensure that the US would not become involved in world conflicts
America First Committee= stay to America and keep out of war in Europe.
US Neutrality Acts During 1930’s
- Neutrality Act of 1935- stop trading with countries at war
- Neutrality Act of 1936- stop loaning money t0 countries at war
- Neutrality Act of 1937- cash and carry system- weapons not included= required countries to pay in cash, and carry it back on their own ships.
- Neutrality Act of 1989- Cash and Carry System- weapons included
Quarantine Speech – 1937
- a speech about counties like the US and Great Britain to keep the other countries from expanding
Panay incident – December 1937
- American gunboat attacked on river in China by Japan
- 3 US troops killed, 45 wounded
-Japan said it was an accident, apologized and paid us $$$
-Worsened US-Japanese relations
Bases for Destroyers
-Passed in September, 1940 between the US and Great Britain
-Fifty US destroyers were given to Great Britain in exchange for land rights (for 99 years) on British colonies for naval or air base purpose
- Newfoundland, eastern side of the Bahamas, southern coast of Jamaica, western coast of St. Lucia, west coast of Trinidad, Antigua, British Guiana and Bermuda were the areas the US received
End of US Neutrality – Lend - Lease Act
- The end of neutrality for the US came with the Lend- Lease Act, passed in March, 1941
-This act allowed the U.S. to sell, lend, or give war materials to nations the US wanted to support
-US gave $50 billion to allied nations throughout the war
- gave munitions, foot, industrial materials, and services
Selective Training and Service Act
-Passed in September, 1940 and ended in 1947
-Required that men between the ages of 21 and 35 register for the draft
-Extended to all men aged 18 to 45 once US entered war
-first peacetime draft in US history
Atlantic Charter
-Signed in August in 1941 between the US (FDR) and Great Britain (Churchill)
- Defined the allied goals for the post-war world
- Many similarities to Wilson’s 14 points
Pearl Harbor – December 7, 1941
- Japan wanted hurt us before we got into the war, and start trading oil with them.
- Japan wanted hurt us before we got into the war, and start trading oil with them.
-Sunday morning
-in waves: 1st early morning. 2nd:____ 3rd : didn’t carry on with this wave, because it wasn’t a surprise anymore
- USS Arizona
- December 8th, 1941 is the last time congress declared war
-FDR’s War Message
- Pearl Harbor was not the only area Japan attacked on December 7th
- “Yesterday the Japanese Government also launched as attack against Malaya
- “ Last night Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong”
- “ Last night
- Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?
- After Japan invaded French Indochina in 1940, US stopped trading with Japan
- Japan signed the Soviet – Japanese Neutrality Pact in April, 1941 guaranteeing that Japan and USSR would not go to war
- Japan realized they needed US trade to be successful in war
- Only way to force US hand was to hit them hard in a surprise attack forcing them out of the war
- Japan knew that this plan was a huge risk, but thought it was the only way to defeat US
- Plan backfired. Instead, Japan “awoke a sleeping giant”
- Backdoor to War Conspiracy
- People felt that Roosevelt pushed Japan into a corner and the only way to get what they want is to attack.
Great Britain in WWI
-Major events that impacted their country between WWI and WWII.
- London Naval conference- 1930 was the third in a series of five meetings. Formed with the purpose of placing limits on the naval capacity of the world’s largest naval powers
-League of Nations – formed in 1920 after the WWI. Great Britain joined.
-WWI payments- Germany had to pay a lot of money for damages that was done
-Washing naval conference- The world’s largest naval powers gathered in Washington DC for a conference to discuss naval disarmament and was to relieve growing tensions in east Asia. Singed the 4, 5 and 9 Power pact
- Munich Conference- September 28- 29 1938. Leaders of Great Britain, France and Italy agreed to allow Germany to annex certain areas of Czechoslovakia
-Kellogg Briand Pact- outlaw war
- Further expansion of the British Empire
- The independence of Ireland
- General strike in 1926
- The Great Depression- largest economic depression of the 20th century in UK.
- War declaration on Germany in 1939. Winston Churchill’s appointment to prime minister. Evacuation of British soldiers from Belgium
-Discuss basic facts: alliance, total casualties, total cost, war goals, etc
-Casualties – Military 326,000 Civilian 26,000
-Cost- in 1940- $120 billion dollars
- war goals to stop Hitler, survive and to win
-Tell us about their leader(s) during WWII
-Winston Church
-background
- Born November 30th, 1874 and died at the age of 90 in 1965
- Was sent to boarding school near London
-how they came to power
- Gained more members in his conservative party
-how they lost power
- Attlee won all the vote in 1945 election
- right after he lead the allies to victory
-Attlee came to power won the 1945 election
- Chamberlain Lead Britain in the first 8 months in WWII. Was the prime minister before WWII and people lost his respect
-Discuss the impact of their Homefront and propaganda and what it was like in their country during the war
-Discuss major battle strategies
- Used planes as weapons
- Out last the Germans, never surrender
- Focus on defeating Germany and Italy in Africa (weakest area) and not invade France right away.
-Discuss major battles that the country was involved in
- The Battle of North Africa – Started June 10th, 1940, to May 13th, 1943. Suez Canal oil in the Middle East and materials from Asia. Britain dependent of oil
- Battle of Britain- July 10th, 1940. Germany and Hitler conquered Europe. Great Britain was bombing Great Britain. Hitler wanted air superiority over Royal Air Forces and Britain. The Luflwaffe targets RAF airfields and raids cities. The British people show great resistance to the assault. Germany fails to destroy British air defenses.
- The Battle of Italy- September 3rd, 1943- 144. U.S. and Great Britain Planned to invade Plan was to get Italy out of the war. Italy surrendered. Allied won.
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