Monday: People finished their test and others got a work day.
Tuesday: Got the test back and talked about them. Took notes on Rome
Wednesday: Talked about the election.
Thursday: Talked some more about the election.
Friday: Took more notes on Rome and watched videos on the Punic Wars.
Ancient Rome 500 BC-500 AD-Chapter 6
Legend of the Origin of ROme-Romulus and Remus
Rome's Geography:
Mediterranean Sea- Good for trade and protection
There was no country of Italy, it was city states
The First Romans 1000 BC-500 BC
The Latins
Built the original settlement at Rome on Palatine Hill
This is where Romulus and Remus were found by the she-wolf
The Greeks 750-600 BC
Established colonies in southern Italy and Sicily
Brought Greek ideas to Italy
The Etruscans
Came from northern Italy
Skilled metalworkers and engineers
Had a writing system with an alphabet that the Romans adopted
Greatly influenced Roman architecture
Introduced the arch
Outside of Greece, one of the most advanced civilizations in Europe during this time
Not much is known about them since there are no Etruscan history documents or literature
The Early Republic-600-509 BC
The Etruscans were the group that helped Rome grow into a large city
Under the Etruscans, Rome was ruled by a king until 509 BC
King Tarquin the Proud was a tyrant and was overthrown by Brutus, the founder of the Roman Republic
The Roman Republic 509-27 BC
Set up after King Tarquin was overthrown in 509 BC
What is a republic?
A form of government in which the power rests with the citizens who have a right to vote for their leaders
Citizens were free-born males only
SPQR-Senatus Populusque Romanus
The Senate and People of Rome
Patricians and Plebeians
Patricians were wealthy landowners who had most of the power
Believed that their ancestors gave them power to make laws
Plebeians were farmers, artisans and merchants that made up most of the population
Were Roman citizens with the right to vote
Could not hold most government jobs
Eventually, Rome’s leaders allowed plebeians to form their own assembly and elect representatives called tribunes
Worked to protect the rights of plebeians
The Government
Dictators were chosen by the Consuls and elected by the Senate in times of crisis
They had absolute power for six months to make laws and control the army
Why allow for this?
Quicker to get things done
The Twelve Tables
In 451 BC, some officials started writing down Rome’s laws onto tables
These became the Twelve Tables and the basis for Roman law
These Twelve-Tables were helped in the FOrum-their government building
The Military
The military was very important part of making Rome into a major power
All citizens who owned land were required to serve in the military
Legions were made up of large (5,000) groups of infantry
Legions were broken down into smaller (80) groups of men called a century
A centurion led the century
Each legion had a cavalry unit for support
Roman Treatment of People Taken Over
Areas right next to Rome, such as Latins, became full Roman citizens
In other areas of Italy further away, groups became citizens, but could not vote
In areas outside of Ital, groups became allies
Group were able to govern themselves but were not expected to supply troops when needed and not make treaties with other groups
The lenient policy allowed the Roman Empire to last a long time
Roman Republic spreads its power
Rome vs. Carthage-Punic Wars-264-146 BC
The First Punic War was fought for control of Sicily and the western Mediterranean
Lasted 13 years-264-241 BC
Rome won
The 2nd Punic War was started by Carthage to get revenge from the previous loss
Lasted 16 years-218-202 BC
Rome won
Hannibal, a brilliant Carthaginian general, led a massive surprise attack on Rome
Led a force of 50,000 infantry, 9,000 cavalry, and 60 elephants up through Spain, France and into Italy crossing the Alps mountains in the process
Lost nearly half of his men and most of his elephants before reaching the Romans
For almost ten years, Hannibal marches his men up and down Italy
Has a lot of victories, but ultimately lost when the Romans(Scipio) attack Carthage, forcing Hannibal to return home
Rome won
The Third Punic War-149-146 BC
The Romans burned the city and 50,000 people were sold into slavery
- With Carthage out of the picture, Rome would continue its conquests in the upcoming decades
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