Mon- Today we discuss our next presentations, we will be in our original groups.
Next we go over new presentation improvements. We will make a video documentary on our family history.
-Both parent's family history
-Where they came from
-Why/how they came to US
-Where they settled in the US and how your family ended up here
-When they came
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7-1
(11.4 million illegal immigrants in US)
W.-white
A.-anglo
S.-saxons
P.-protestant
Tues- Today we continue to go over notes, and we learn more about immigration and such.
old immigrants--
came from northern or western Europe
were protestant
were literate and skilled
came over as families
were quick to assimilate
were experienced in the ways of democracy
had some money in their pockets
were tall and fair
new immigrants--
came from southern or eastern Europe
were not protestant--were Catholic, Jewish, Orthodox
were illiterate and unskilled
came over as birds of passage
were clannish and reluctant to assimilate
are radicals or autocrats
arrived impoverished
were short and dark
Nativism- not letting the new immigrants/poor people in. Some were hypocrites because they were also once poor
Steps to America
1- leaving home
- It was common for one person from a family to come to America first
- They would save to eventually bring others
- From 1900 to 1910 almost 95% of the immigrants arriving at Ellis island were joining either family or friends
- In 1901
2- on board to ship
- A ticket to america cost 30
- Three types of accommodations- first class, second class, steerage
- Only steerage passengers were processed at Ellis Island (lower class who were processed)
- First and second class passengers were quickly "inspected" on board the ship
- Larger ships could hold from 1,500 to 2,000 immigrants, netting a profit
- For many immigrants, the experience of steerage was a nightmare
- At one time, the average passenger mortality rate was 10 percent per voyage
- Conditions were extremely overcrowded, dark, unsanitary and foul-smelling
- In spite of the miserable conditions, the immigrants had faith in the future
- Crossing the Atlantic could take anywhere from a week to more than a month, depending on the ship and weather
- They would play cards, sing, dance, talk
3- inspection
- Passengers were inspected for contagious diseases such as cholera, plague, smallpox, typhoid fever, yellow fever, scarlet fever, measles, ,and diphtheria
- If immigrants had any of the diseases they would be deported
- Sick children age 12 or older were sent back to Europe alone
Wed- Today we decide if we will be doing our project on our family history or on chapter 7-9. I will be doing my project on one side of my family.
Thurs- Today we talk about our family presentations, and discuss our plans for the upcoming week. The projects will be worth 50 pts, and we will have a test over the sections of chapter 9.
4- beyond Ellis or Angel Island
- As they left Ellis Island, the next stop was the Money Exchange
- Cashiers exchanged
Why were immigrants disliked in the US in the late 1800's/early 1900's?
- Racism
- Look different
- Different cultures
Chinese Exclusion Act-1882
- Banned all Chinese immigration to the US from 1882-1902
- Why ban Chinese immigrants?
Gentleman's Agreement-1907
- Informal agreement between the United States and Japan (Informal agreement--no form of document/treaty to prove it happened)
- The US would not restrict Japanese immigration and Japan would not allow further immigration to the U.S
- The goal was to reduce tensions between the US and Japan
- What was the tension?
- (called Gentleman's Agreement)
7-2?
Why did cities grow so fast?
- Immigrants
- Farmers moved to cities (they were not doing well)
- African-Americans moved to the cities
- Cities offered more obs and opportunities
- Cities offered more entertainment
Problems in the City
- Cramped, old, dirty, housing- called tenement (no indoor plumbing)
- Lack of goof transportation (horses)
- Lack of safe drinking water
- Disease was common
- Streets were filthy
- Crime
- Fires
- Poverty due to low pay at work
- They threw most trash out the windows
- Dried clothes on lines outside
- Cities were not "pretty"
Solutions in the City
- Cities put restrictions on building wood-frame structures in the center of the city-WHY?
- Cities encouraged the construction of lower-income dwellings on the city's outskirts- WHY?
- The Tenement House Act of 1867 defined a tenement for the first time and set construction regulations
- Among these were the requirement of toilet per people-WHY?
Tenement House Law-1901
- Outlawed the construction of new tenements on 25-foot lots and mandated improved sanitary conditions, fire escapes and access to light
- Current tenements were updated and more than 200,000 new apartments were built over the next 15 years
- Most tenements were destroyed in the 1920's and especially the 1930's with FDR's New Deal
- The first fully government-built public housing project opened in New York City in 1936
SOLUTIONS to lack of good transportation
- Electric streetcars-late 1800's, early 1900's
- Automobiles
- There were 300 cars in the United States in 1895----78, 000 in 1905----459,000 in 1910 ----1.7 million in 1914
- Subways- New York City//1905
- Airplanes- 1903 Wright Brothers
Fri- Today we quickly go over what we have taken notes on, then we continue taking notes
SOLUTIONS to lack of safe drinking water
- In late 1800's scientists had proven that diseases were spread through unsafe drinking water
- In early 1900's, chlorine was added to the water to help eliminate disease
- Federal regulation of drinking water quality began in 1914 which continued to strengthen over the decades
SOLUTIONS to disease and common filthy streets
- Already mentioned horses being replaced, eliminating the manure problem
- Already mentioned adding chlorine to water
- Introducing of indoor plumbing
- George A. Waring Jr.- New York City-1895
- Organized modern recycling, street sweeping and garbage collecting
SOLUTIONS to crime (problem--poverty and no organized police force-volunteers)
- Organized Police Force
- Police became full time employees of the city- not volunteers
- In 1838- Boston established the first American police force
- New York City- 1845
- Chicago- 1851
- By the 1880's all major U.S. cities had municipal police forces in place
- 1911- Fingerprints are first accepted by U.S courts as reliable
SOLUTIONS to fires
- Already mentioned better building codes
- Full time paid firefighters
- In 1853, Cincinnati became the first full-time, paid fire fighters in the US
SOLUTIONS to poverty (due to low pay at work)
- Labor unions
- Minimum wage laws
- Shorter hours
- Child labor laws
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7-3
The Gilded Age
- 1870'S-1900
- Gilded- to be covered with gold
Political machine
- A political organization, usually controlled by a single "boss", that controlled votes and had administrative control of a city, count, or state
- These organizations provided social services and jobs to people (recent immigrants) in exchange for votes
- Very corrupt
- Came about due to the rapid increase of population in cities and poor and government in the 1800's
- Died out in the early 1900's
- Controlled the activities of political parties in the city
- There was a lot of corruption in government
- Kick back system- kick it back to bosses, workers, judges, news paper, police
- Granting favors to big business
- Spoils system/patronage (lead to corruption)
- Political boss hired/fired police
Boss William Marcy Tweed
- Was the boss of the democratic political machine in New York City
- The building Tweed worked was Tammany Hall
Reforming Government
- The spoils System/Patronage causes a lot of
- Pendleton Civil Service Act- 1883
- Required most government jobs to be given through a merit system based on test scores
- 1883: 14,000/117,000 government jobs required tests
- 1900: 100,000/200,000 government jobs
Good Presidents Also Brought Change
- President Grant-President Wilson
- 1869-1921
- Reform president or status quo president
- Ulysses S. Grant
- 1869-1877
- Status Quo- Republican
- Rutherford B. Hayes
- 1877-1881
- Reform- Republican
- James A Garfield
- 18-
- Reform- Republican
- Chester Arthur
- 1881-1885
- Reform- Republican
- Grover Cleveland
- 1885-1889/1893-1897
- Reform- Democrat
- Benjamin Harrison
- 1889-1893
- Reform- Republican
- William McKinley
- 1897-1901
- Status Quo- Republican
- Teddy Roosevelt
- 1901-1909
- Reform-Republican
- Willam Howard Taf
- ?
- Woodrow Wilson
- 1913-1921
- Reform- Democrat
Ch. 8.1:
-What advances in science and technology help solve urban problems?
- Skyscrapers
- Flatiron Building- 1902
- Electric Streetcars
- Subways-1904
- Cash Register-1879
- Automatic dishwasher-1889
- Vacuum Cleaner-1899
- Airplane-1903
- Kodak Camera-1888
- Automobile-late 1800's
- Light Bulb- 1879
- Telephone-1876
- Typewriter-1867
- Radio-1895
- Toilet Paper-1857
Ch. 8.2:
-How did education change in the late 1800's and early 1900's?
- Before the mid 1800's, education was for the wealthy
- Most states had public schools by 1865
- But many school-aged children still received no formal education-worked in factories instead
- Between 1865-1895, states passes laws requiring 12-16 weeks annually for school
- Class focused on the "3 R's"-reading, "riting", and "rithmetic"
- Memorization and recitation was very common
Why did "the lecture" become a common strategy for teachers?
- Lots of kids- get them to pay attention and listen
How is our school system set up like a factory during the Industrial Revolution?
- The bells
- Assembly Line
- Students are tested and if they pass, move to the next part of the assembly line
- move along assembly line (1st grade, 2nd grade, 3rd grade, 4th grade, and so on)
- Schools were/are "one size fits all" and prepared students to work in factorizes upon finishing school
- Teachers talk and if you get it you get it if you don't you don't- next day was a new lesson
What was causing our country to change in the late 1800's?
- Immigrants
African American and Immigrant Education
- African Americans were mostly excluded from public schools or had to attend segregated schools
- In 1910, 3% of African Americans between the ages 15-19 attended H.S.
- Immigrant were encouraged to go to school
- Most European immigrant families sent their children to the free public schools
- Children learned English and become "Americanized"
Religion in School
- Public schools had mandatory readings from the Protestant Bible
- Many Catholic families were concerned
- Catholic communities set up parochial schools to give their children a Catholic Education
- Parochial School: A school supported by a church parish
Higher Education
- College
- From 1880-1920, college enrollments quadrupled
- High School diploma and entrance exams were used in admittance purposes
- Morrill Act- 1862
- Iowa State- 1858
- Drake-1881
- Iowa- 1847
- UNI- 1876
Segregation
- Literacy test
- Poll tax
- Grandfather Clause (1-1-1867)
- Jim Crow laws
- Plessy v Ferguson-1896
- "Seperate but Equal"
- Seperate and unequal in reality
- Lynching and violence
Basketball
- Dr. James Naismith
- First public game was in 1892
- Original rules
Baseball
- Invented by Abner Doubleday in 1839
- Major League baseball becae big in the late 1800's
Football
- Late 1800's college football became popular
- NFL would not start until the 1920's
Other popular sports
- Tennis
- Golf
- Boxing
- Biking-1885
John McDermott
- Picture of John in 1911
- First US golfer
Paddy Ryan
- Bare-knuckle Chamion of America
- 1880-1882
"Gentleman Jim" Corbett
- 1892-1897
- Heavyweight champ
Jack Johnson
- 1908-1915
- Heavyweight champ
- (African American)
First movie- the great train robbery 1903
World Fair's
- Focused on showcasing the latest and greatest in inventions and technology
- 1853-New York
- 1876-Philadelphia
- 1893-Chicago (Ferris Wheel)
- 1901-Buffalo (McKinley killed
- 1904-St Louis
- 1915- San Francisco
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