Monday- Forum post leaders talked bout their stories. Talked about extra credit opportunities.
Tuesday- Took notes and watched video
Wednesday- Watched a video on Alexander the Great
Thursday-Took notes
Friday- Took notes. Went over test for Monday and test format.
Battle of Marathon-490 BC
25,000 Persians
10,000 Athenians
Athenians won because of The Phalanx
The Persians were lightly armoured and not prepared
Pheidippides
After the battle ended, he ran from Marathon to Athens to tell the Athenians of the victory over Persia
26 miles
Battle of Thermopylae-480 BC
Ten years after the Battle of Marathon, Persia once again invaded Greece
Darius the Great’s son, Xerxes, made it a goal to destroy Athens
The Persians won the Battle of Thermopylae but not before the SPartan soldiers held out for days allowing many Greek troops to retreat
The movie 300 is based on this battle
Battle of Salamis
At the naval Battle of Salamis, the Greeks destroyed the Persian navy
The Persians were never the same after that and we're eventually driven out of Greece
After the Persian Wars, the Delian League was established setting up an alliance between the Greek city-states
Starting around 470 BC, Greece, and Athens specifically, entered a golden age
Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age
The Golden Age of Athens
477-431 BC
Came about after Greece defeated the Persians
Drama, sculpture, poetry, philosophy, architecture, and science flourished
Also known as the “Age of Pericles”
Led Athens in the Peloponnesian War
Pericles’ Plan for Athens (461-429 BC)
Three goals for Athens
Strengthen Athenian democracy
Increased the number of paid government jobs which benefitted people who were not wealthy
Instituted direct democracy
Citizens rule directly and not through elected representatives
Strengthen the Empire
Helped establish and eventually led the Delian League after the Persian wars
Alliances of Greek city-states
Grew Athens navy
Started dominating other city-states which led to conflicts
Glorify Athens
Used money from the Delian League to buy gold, marble, and ivory
Used money from the Delian League to hire artists, architects, and workers to build buildings and sculptures
Phidias was hired to build the Parthenon
Classical art focused on simplicity and being well proportioned
Greek Drama-Tragedy and Comedy
A tragedy was a serious drama about common themes such as love, hate, war, or betrayal
The hero usually was an important person and often gifted with extraordinary abilities
A tragic flaw usually caused the hero’s downfall, usually excessive pride
Sophocles wrote Oedipus the King, a famous tragedy
A comedy contained scenes filled with humor
Playwrights often made fun of politics and respected people and ideas of the time
Aristophanes was a famous writer of comedies
The fact that the Athenians could listen to criticism of themselves showed the freedom that existed in democratic Athens
The start of the History
Herodotus pioneered the accurate reporting of events
Thucydides believed that certain types of events and political situations recur over time
Studying those events and situations would aid in understanding the present
The approaches Thucydides used in his work still guide historians today
Peloponnesian War
431-404 BC
Fought between Athens and Sparta
Came about as a result of Sparta not liking Athens growth of wealth and power in the area
Athens was acting like a bully
Sparta had a better army, Athens had a better navy
With the help of a plague that hit Athens, Sparta eventually won
Rise of the Philosophers
A philosopher is someone who tries to explain the nature of life
After losing to Sparta in the Peloponnesian War, people in Athens turned to philosophers for answers
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
Socrates 470-399 BC
Socrates was a philosopher of Ancient Greece
Socrates taught by asking questions
This method of questioning is still called the Socratic method
Put on trial and found guilty for “corrupting the youth of Athens”
Put to death-hemlock
“There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance
Plato 427 BC-347 BC
Plator was a student of Socrates
He started a school called The Academy that lasted 900 years
Wrote The Republic
The book talked about a perfectly governed society-not a democracy
In his ideal society, all citizens would fall naturally into three groups: farmers and artisans, warriors, and the ruling class
The person with the greatest intellect from the ruling class would be chosen king
Aristotle 384-322 BC
Aristotle was a student of Plato
He wrote about science, art, law, poetry, government, etc.
Taught Alexander the Great
“ He who studies how things originated will achieve the clearest view of them”
Alexander’s Empire
King Philip II of Macedonia 382-36 BC
Goal was to take over all of Greece and then to get revenge by taking over the Persian Empire
Became king of Macedon in 359 BC
Macedonians
Lived in mountainous villages, not city-states
Macedonians considered themselves to be Greek but were looked down upon by the big city-states
Philip II built up his military and eventually invaded and defeated the Greek city-states
Used the phalanx and cavalry to great effect
Alexander the III of Macedon (Alexander the Great)- 356-323 BC
Took over for his father, Philip, in 336 BC
Philip was assassinated at his daughter’s wedding by a former bodyguard (Pausanias)
Ruled Greece and its empire for only 13 years (336-323 BC)
Due to his great accomplishments, became known as Alexander the Great
Was taught by Aristotle
Died from high fever-possibly from typhoid fever or malaria
After taking power, Alexander eliminated his opponents to the throne and then moved to consolidate Greece
Alexander then turned east to take over of the Persian Empire and achieve the goal of his father
After losing some battles, Darius III retreated quickly and offered Alexander all lands west of the Euphrates River
Alexander the Great refused Darius III’s offer and announced he would take the entire PErsian Empire
In 332 BC, Alexander the Great moved into Egypt and “liberated” Egypt from the Persians
The egyptians crowned Alexander pharaoh
Founded the Egyptian of ALexandria
After conquering Egypt, Alexander moved into Mesopotamia and finished the job defeating Darius III and the Persians
The capital city of the Persian EMpire, Persepolis(in Iran), was burned by Alexander as possible revenge from the PErsians burning Athens
Alexander would continue east into India where he eventually ran into a strong Indian army
His troops were tired-fighting for 11 years and traveled more than 11,000 miles
Even after defeating the Indian army in a battle, the monsoons of India were having an impact and Alexander agreed to turn back west
Alexander would die from disease not long after
Alexander's the Great’s Legacy
Greek Empire split into three sections
Greek city-states led by Antigonus
Egypt led by Ptolemy
Former Persian Empire ruled by Seleucus
Leaders all ruled with absolute power
Chapter 5.5- The Spread of Hellenistic Culture
Hellenistic culture became common all throughout the Greek Empire
Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian cultures mixed
Language-Koine
Trade
Cities
Science and technology
Philosophy, art and architecture
Astronomy
Mathematics
Euclid established Geometry
Archimedes estimated the value of pu and the law of lever
- Colossus of Rhodes
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