Monday- Plato: Greek philosopher, only known source discussing location of Atlantis, Its a myth- Atlantis has elements that people love to fantasize about. Mycenaens- controlled the area around Greece from 1600 BC- 1100 BC. Heavily influenced by the Minoans- much more war-like than Minoans (based on art). Know for their trade around the Mediterraneans sea, Aegean Sea - no money exchanged - they traded their olive oil, scented oils, and win for gold, ivory, copper, and glass. Known for their piracy (stealing, looting) on the seas surrounding Greece. Known for their city- states- Athens, Mycenae, Pylos, Tiryns. Historians aren't sure if city-states were independent or more united, Mycenaean's did unite to fight the Trojan War against Troy. The Mycenaean's fell apart due to wars and the Sea People's sacking their city-states. Eventually the Dorians came down from the North and took over Greece. VIDEO.
Tuesday- Dorians: 1159-750 BC: Came from the area of North of Greece, They were less advanced than the Mycenaean's, trade and cultured slowed, Greece went into a Dark Age. Homer: was a Greek epic poet from 750-700 BC, Narrative poems celebrated heroic deeds, He was blind so all of his stories were spoken, he told a story called The Iliad and it was about the Trojan War (he also told the Odyssey was a sequel that was after the Trojan War). Trojan War- fought between Mycenaean Greeks and Troy. Athenians and Spartans joined together to go attack Troy. Trojan War (1194 - 1184 BC) - myth. War began after the abduction of Queen Helen of Sparta by the Trojan Prince, Paris. Helen's husband, Menelaus, convinced his brother Agamemnon (king of Mycenae) to lead an expedition to get her back, Agamemnon was joined by the Greek Heroes Achilles and Odysseus. They crossed the Aegean sea and laid siege to Troy and they demanded Helen's return. People of Troy thought that the Trojan horse was a gift, but there were fighters hiding inside of it (Spartans and Athenians). Polis- city- Minneapolis, Indianapolis. Acropolis- a settlement in a city of higher ground used for defense and a place to discuss politics (below is the Athens Acropolis). Monarchy- a government ruled by one person (king or queen). Aristocracy- government ruled by a small group of wealthy, landowning families. Oligarchy- a government ruled by a few powerful people. Tyrants- powerful individuals who seize control from the gov, could be good or bad, today we see tyrants as a bad thing. Democracy- rule by the people, Athens had perhaps the world's first democracy, Only allowed citizens to participate (women, slaves, and foreigners were not citizens). Military State- a state that bases its economic model on the sustainment of its armed forces. Helot- a peasant bound to the land. Phalanx- a military formation of foot soldiers armed with spears and shields. Persian Wars- a series of wars in the fifth century BC, in which Greek City-States battled the Persian Empire. Education in Athens- only for the sons of wealthy families, started at the age of 7 and focused on developing good citizens, they studied reading, grammar, poetry, history, math, music, logic and public speaking, public debates and athletics were also stressed, once older, students went to military school, girls were educated by their moms in the home to do cleaning, cooking, child-rearing, ect. Sparta. Greek City-State of Sparta: Sparta was very powerful and had its own army (defeated the Messenians in 725 BC and in 650 BC). Unlike Athens and other city-states, it did not have a democracy, built a military state, Sparta conquered other city-states to gain wealth and power. They valued duty, strength, and discipline over freedom, beauty, and learning. Spartan Classes- only men born in Sparta were citizens, women were not allowed to become citizens, the second class in Sparta were people who came from other city-states or other countries (they could own businesses but not become citizens, The third class were helots/slaves and they worked the fields or were servants. Spartan warriors- learning to read and write in Sparta was not very important, training to become a good soldier was stressed, young boys left home at 7 and trained to be soldiers until they were 30, athletics was also stressed.
Wednesday- Spartan Women: service to Sparta was stressed, received some military training, athletics were stressed, had quite a bit of freedom in comparison to Athens (could run family estates when husband was off at war). Phalanx Military Formation video. Sparta vs. Athens video. Persian War (Greco-Persian)- 499-449 BC: fought between the Persian Empire and Greek City-States (Athens, Sparta, Thebes, etc.), Problems started when Persian Leader Cyrus the Great took over Ionia in Greece in 546 BC. Ionian Revolt (499-493 BC)- Ionians (Greek) lead a revolt against the Persians after Cyrus the Great died. Ionian Revolt- the revolt was led by Athenian General Miltiades, Ionia asked Athens to help them (which they did), Darius quickly suppresses the Ionian Revolt but is very angry at the Greeks, Darius the Great vowed to burn Athens to the ground before he died. Miltiades Escapes: Miltiades escapes back to Athens and tells the Athenians that the Persians are coming to burn Athens, this sets up the beginning of the Great Persian War. Ancient Greece vs. Civilization of Persia- Persia was the largest empire in the world at the time and consisted of millions of people, Ancient Greece was about 500,000 total people, it was truly was a David vs. Goliath battle. Athens and Sparta United- Athens and Sparta had been fighting for hundreds of years, they now fought not for Athens or for Sparta but for GREECE! Battle of Marathon (490 BC)- 25,000 Persians vs 10,000 Athenians. Who won? Athenians won! How did the Athenians win? The phalanx and the Spartans helped a lot. The Persians were lightly armored and not prepared. Pheidippides- after the battle ended, he ran from marathon to Athens to tell the Athenians of the victory over Persia, guess how many miles it was from Marathon to Athens (26 miles). Battle of Thermopylae (480 BC)- Ten years after the Battle of Marathon, Persia once again invaded Greece, Darius the Great's son (Xerxes) made it a goal to destroy Athens, The Persians won the Battle of Thermopylae but not before the Spartan soldiers held out for days allowing many Greek troops to retreat, the movie 300 is based on this battle. Battle of salamis- at the naval battle of salamis, the Greeks destroyed the Persian navy, the Persians were never the same after that and were eventually driven out of Greece, after the Persian Wars, the Delian League was established setting up an alliance between the Greek City-States.
Thursday- Video. Starting around 470 BC the golden age began. Greek God- any supernatural being worshiped as controlling some part of the world or some aspect of life or who is the personification of a force. Titan- any of a family of giants in Greek mythology born of Uranus and Gaea and ruling the earth until overthrown by Olympian gods. Heroes- men or women of special strength, courage, ability. Myths- a traditional or legendary story, usually with a being, hero, or event and connected to religion. Creatures- an imaginary being of myth or fable; a monster; an imaginary creature usually having various human and animal parts. Philip II, Macedonia, Alexander the Great, Darius III
Friday- video
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