Monday: Finished taking Test
Tuesday: Started new unit
Industrial Revolution:
****How did growth of the steel industry influence the development of other industries?
****How did inventions and developments in the late 19th century change the way people worked?
Industrial revolution was a period of major industrialization that took place during the late 1700s and early 1800s
Natural resources, creative ideas and growing markets fueled an industrial boom
Technological developments of the late 19th century paved the way for continued growth of American Industry
Vocab:
Entrepreneur: a person who organizes, operates, and assumes the risk for a business venture
Edwin L. Drake: first guy to use a steam engine to drill for oil
Bessemer Process: cheap and efficient process for making steel
Thomas Edison: an american inventor and businessman; created first industrial research laboratory, electricity, and the light bulb
Christopher Sholes: invented the typewriter
Alexander Graham Bell: invented telephone
What took America from an agricultural nation to a leading industrial power?
Many natural resources
Coal, Iron Ore, Steel, Oil
Government giving businesses money
Growing cities
Cheap labor
New products
Oil Boom:
Edwin Drake used a steam engine to drill oil out of the ground in Pennsylvania in 1859
Spread through Kentucky, Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, and Texas
Refining industries started in Cleveland and Pittsburgh
They refined the oil into kerosene and gasoline
Standard Oil Company, Cleveland Ohio:
Founded by John Rockefeller
On the shore of Lake Erie
Connected to the oil wells of Pennsylvania by railroad
Ohio was rural, but Cleveland was perfect for industrialization
Successful for both Cleveland and the entire country
First environmental concerns/ pollution from the refinery
Air and water- put oil into the river- fires broke out on the water and destroyed boats, buildings, and shipyards
***Bessemer Process:
Coal and iron were readily available in the US
Iron was a dense metal but it was soft and rusted
Bessemer Process took the air out of the steel to take out the carbon making it stronger
Steel:
Railroads were buying huge amounts of steel to build tracks
Brooklyn Bridge: called a “wonder of the world”- all made from steel
Skyscrapers: steel could bear the weight of the height of the building
Inventions Promote Change:
Photography
Telegraph
Dynamite
Motion Picture
Reaper
Sewing Machine
Radio
Airplane
Electricity:
Thomas Edison: established a research laboratory
He Invented the light bulb- totally changed what people could do at night, people could work longer in the factories
He also invented a way to produce and distribute electricity
Electricity was important because….
Ran many machines
Available in homes for time-saving appliances
Manufacturing plants could be located anywhere- no longer need to be next to a power source like a river- industry grew
Wednesday: Continued taking notes
Vocab:
Henry Ford’s Quadricycle: First vehicle invented by Henry Ford that had 4 bicycle tires on it
Model T: 1st real car made for the general public
Principles of Scientific Management: a monograph published by Frederick Winslow Taylor which showed his views on the industrial era organization and decision theory.
Interchangeable Parts: Parts that are all made the same that you can interchange
Assembly Line: machines and people working alongside each other to make things
Division of Labor: Having a specific job on the assembly line
Mass Production: manufacture of a big amount products efficiently and using the assembly line
Thursday: Continued to take notes
Typewriter and Telephone:
Christopher Sholes invented the typewriter
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone
Both changed the way people worked in an office
It created new jobs for women
Consumers:
People were spending money to buy things
The more people purchases the more the things were being invented and produced
Cities were growing
What does this all add up to?
Mass production of things in the industrial revolution
Questions:
Why did people, especially farmers, demand regulation of the railroads in the late 19th century?
There was no competition so they could charge what they wanted to
Why were attempts at railroad regulation often unsuccessful?
Vocab:
Transcontinental Railroad- a railroad line linking the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the US- Union pacific and Central pacific- changed many things in the US
George M. Pullman- built a factory where luxury sleeper cars for the trains were built; known as the Pullman car
Credit Mobilier- a construction company formed by the Union Pacific railroad to fraudulently skim off railroad profits for themselves
Munn vs. Illinois- Supreme court ruled in favor of the farmers and consumers and establishing the right of government to regulate private industry to serve the public interest
Interstate Commerce Act- a law that established the federal government’s right to super rives railroad activities
Age of the Railroads:
Railroads made traveling easy and moving west possible for both businesses and people
The government gave the railroads huge land grants
By 1890, there was over 190,000 miles of railroad track in the US
The railroad made the American Dream possible- adventure, land, and a fresh start
The central pacific and union pacific railroads built the transcontinental railroad
Immigrants working on the railroad:
Union Pacific employed Irish immigrants and out of work Civil War Veterans
Central Pacific employed Chinese immigrants
Working conditions were awful
Native American attacks
Accidents
Disease- disabled and killed the workers
Over 2,000 people died and 20,000 injured
Asian immigrants earned less money than the white workers
White workers received $40-60 a month plus free meals
Chinese were paid $35 a month and supplied their own food
Dug tunnels by hand through granite mountains
Worked while surrounded by walls of snow
Many were buried in avalanches of froze to death
Time Zones:
Each town still had it’s own time- noon was when the sun was directly overhead
Noon in Boston was 12 minutes later than in New York City
In 1869 Professor C.F. Dowd divided the earth into 24 time zones, one for each hour of the day.
United states has four time zones: Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific
Friday: Watched a video about Ford Motor Company
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