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Persian Wars (Greco- Persian) 499- 449 BC
Fought between the Persian Empire and Greek city-states (athens, sparta, thebes)
Problems started when Persian leader Cyrus the great took over lonia in Greece in 546 BC
Ionian Revolt- 499- 493 BC
The ionian (greeks) led a revolt against the Persians after Cyrus the Great died.
The Ionian Revolt was led by Athenian General Miltiades
Ionia asked Athens to help them which they did
Darius quickly suppresses the Ionian revolt but is very angry at Greeks
Darius the Great vowed to bur Athens to the ground before he died
Miltiades Escapes
Miltiades escapes back to Athens and tells the Athenians that the Persians are coming to brun Athens
This sets up the beginning of the great persian war
Ancient Greece vs. Civilization of persia
Persia was the largest empire in the world at the time and consisted of millions of people
Ancient Greece was about 500,000 total people
It was truly a David vs. goliath battle
Athens & Sparta United
Athens and Sparta had been fighting for hundreds of years
They now fought not for Athens or for Sparta but for Greece
Battle of Marathon- 490 BC
25,000 Persians
10,000 Athenians
Athenians won because of the Phalanx
The Persians were lightly armored and prepared
Pheidippides-
After the battle ended, he ran from Marathon to Athens to tell the Athenians of the victory over Persia
Guess how many miles it was from Marathon to Athens?
Battle of Thermopylae 480 BC-
Ten years after the Battle of Marathon, Persia once again invaded Greece
Darius the Great's son, Xerxes , made it a goal to destroy Athens
The Persians won the Battle of Thermopylae but not before the Spartan soldiers held out for days allowing many greek troops to retreat
The movie 300 is based on this battle
Battle of Salamis
At the naval Battle of Salamis, the Greeks destroyed the Persian navy
The Persians were never the same after that and were eventually driven out of Greece
After the Persian Wars, the Delian League was established setting up an alliance between the Greek city-states.
- Starting around 470 Bc, Greece
Ch 5.3: Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age
Goal #2; Strengthen the Empire
Helped establish and eventually led the Delian League after the persian wars
-Alliance of Greek city-states
- Grew Athens navy
Goal #3; Glorify Athens
Used money from delia league to buy gold, marble and ivory
Used money from the Delian league to hire artists, architects, and workers to build building and sculptures
Phidias was hired to build the parthenon
Greek sculptors focused on beauty, not realism
Classical Art- focused on simplicity and being well proportioned
Greek Drama- Tragedy and Comedy
A Tragedy- was a serious drama about common themes such as love, hate, war, or betrayal
-The hero was usually an important person and often gifted with extraordinary abilities
- A tragic flaw usually caused the hero’s downfall, usually excessive pride
Comedy- contained scenes filled with humor
Playwrights often made fun of politics and respected people and ideas of the time
Aristophanes was a famous writer of comedies
The fact that Athenians could listen to criticism of themselves showed the freedom that existed in democratic Athens
The start of the Greatest subject tn recorded history
History
Herodotus pioneered the accurate reporting of events
Thucydides believe that certain types of events and political situations recur over time
Studying these events and situations would aid in understanding the present
They approached thucydides used this work still guide historians today.
Peloponnesian War 431- 404 BC
Fought between Athens & Sparta
Came about as a result of sparta not liking athens growth of wealth and power in the area
Athens was acting like a bully
Sparta had a better army, athens had a better nacy
With the help of a plague that hit athens, sparta eventually won
King Philip ll of Macedon 382- 336 BC
Goal was to take over all of greece and then to get revenge by taknig over the persian empire
Became king of Macedon in 359 BC
Macedonians-
Lived in mountainous villages, not city-states
Macedonians considered themselves to be greek but were looked down upon by the big city states
Philip ii built up his military and eventually invaded and defeated the greek city- states
Used the phalanx and cavalry to great effect
Alexander the lll of Macedon 356-323 BC
Took over for his father, Philip, in 336 BC
Philip was assassinated at his daughter’s wedding by a former bodyguard (Pausanias)
Alexander was 32 years old when he died
Died of sickness
In power for 13 years
Known as alexander the great
Was taught by Aristotle
- After taking power, alexander eliminated his apponents to the
Greek drama
A tragedy it was a serious drama about common themes such as love, hate, war, or betrayal
Hero usually was an important person and often gifted with good abilities
Tragic flaw usually caused the hero's downfall
A comedy contained scenes filled with humor
Start of the greatest subject in recorded history
Herodotus pioneered the accurate reporting of events
Thucydides believed that certain types of events and political situations recur over time
Peloponnesian war (431-404 BC)
Fought between athens and sparta
Came about as a result of sparta not liking athens growth of wealth and power in the area
Athens was acting like a bully
Sparta had a better army, athens had a better navy
With the help of the plague that hit athens, sparta eventually won
Alexander the great wasn’t known for that name outside of greece
Alexander the Great’s Legacy
Greek Empire split into three sections
Greek city-states led by Antigonus
Egypt led by Ptolemy
Former Persian Empire ruled by Seleucus
Rise of the Philosophers
A philosopher is someone who tries to explain the nature of life
After losing to Sparta in the Peloponnesian war, people in Athens, turned to philosophers for answers
Socrates
A philosopher of Ancient Greece
Socrates taught by asking questions
This method of questioning is still called the Socratic method
Put on trial and found guilty for “corrupting the youth of Athens”
Put to death by drinking hemlock
“There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance” ~ Socrates
Plato
Was a student of Socrates
Started a school called The Academy
Lasted 900 years
Wrote The Republic
Wrote about perfect governed society
Not democracy
His ideal society had three groups
Farmers and Artisans
Warriors
Ruling class
Person with greatest intellect from ruling class was king
Wrote about Atlantis
Aristotle
Was a student of Plato
Wrote about science, art, law, poetry, government, etc.
Taught Alexander the Great
“He who studies how things originated will achieve the clearest view of them.”
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