Week March 19- April 1

[1Whitney]

Monday-

• Forum post leaders share stories
• Watched Italy video

King Victor Emmanuel-

• Didn't fight Mussolini's take over in Italy
• Wanted to avoid a civil war and also wanted to keep communist out of Italy

Established Fascism in Italy

• A government led by a strong dictator 
• Stresses strong nationalism, militarism, and imperialism
• Uses intimidation to get what they want
• "All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state." -Benito Mussolini

Ethiopia invaded by Mussolini 1936-

• Italy lost its Ethiopia colony in Africa at the 1896 Battle of Adua
• One of the worst colonial disasters 

Italy/Ethiopia invasion-

• Nov. 18, 1935, League of Nations sanctions begin
  • Arms embargo, financial embargo, non importation of Italian goods

Spanish Civil War

• Rome-Berlin Axis-1936-
• 4 years later, Japan joined

Italy's Goals in WWII-

• Hideki Tojo
  • Military leader of Japan during WWII
  • Attended the Imperial Japanese Army Academy
  • Achieved power from his great military success
  • Lost power because his tactics caused ots of casualties and Emperor Hirohito lost hope in his
• Why did Japan lose the war?
  • We stopped trading with them
  • Needed supplies and other things like fuel/oil
  • Failed attempt to destroy carriers at attack of Pearl Harbor
  • Nearly all ships were brought back into battle
  • Breaking of the Japanese Naval Code
  • Destroyed them i the Battle of Midway and other battles
  • Mass production by US
  • Produced at a higher rate faster than they can destroy
  • Bombing of Nagasaki and Hiroshima
• Impact had on Japan
  • All large cities were severely damaged
  • Japan lost almost all land acquired before and during WWII
  • War crime trials were held
  • Emperor lost political and military power
  • Forbidden to lead a war again and to maintain an army
• Facts bout Atomic bombs
  • 80,000 people died instantly i Hiroshima when Little Boy was detonated
  • $2 billion was the cost of the Manhattan project
  • A lot of people died from radiation sickness and starvation
• Tokyo Rose Role
  • America put the Tokyo Rose for treason
  • America knew that Iva was not the Tokyo Rose but still put her on trial
  • Iva broadcasting activities in Japan during the war
  • Played sad songs on the radio so soldiers would get homesick
• Japans Homefront
  • Japan's government controlled the media
    • The public didn't know about Japan's losing battles until injured soldiers were coming home
  • Japan was an industrialized country but had very poor resources
  • The reason Japan invaded China is because China offered both valuable raw materials as well as a vast market for Japan's industrial outputs

• Areas controlled by Japan
  • French Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos)
  • Hong Kong(UK)
  • Thailand
  • British New Guinea
  • Philipines(USA)
  • Guam (USA)
• • Dutch East Indies
  • Portuguese Timor
  • Malaya (UK)
• Areas Attacked but not controlled
  • Air Raids on Australia
    • Broome 
    • Darwin
    • Newcastle
    • Sydney
  • British Columbia
  • Kohima and Manipur
  • United Sates
    • Santa Barbara
    • Pearl Harbor
• Rape of Nanking
  • A mass killing of Chinese people (Up to 300,000)
  • Mass raping of Chinese women and girls
  • Mass looting and arson
  • Some in Japan have denied that the military killed civilians for no reason
  • Still causes tension between the two countries today
  • There were war crimes trial after the war to try Japanese soldiers for participation
• Axis powers
  • Germany
  • Italy
  • Japan
  • Others: Albania, Bulgaria, Finland, Romania, Thailand, Hungary
• Soviet- Japanese Neutrality Pact
  • USSR and Japan signed an agreement to not fight one another in April, 1941
  • Japan considered breaking this once Germany invaded the USSR i June, 1941, but did not
  • USSR broke this treaty when they declared war on Japan in August 9, 1945

Friday-

Continuing Japan

• Tojo- Military dictator, Tried to commit suicide, failed, then was executed
• Emperor Hirohito- 

Admiral Yamamoto-

• He was educated in the US
• Came up with the Pearl Harbor attack

December 7, 1941-

• Philippines

Iwo Jima-

• Costliest war

Germany-

Basic Facts- 

• Axis powers
• Causalities
  • Military- 5,533,000
  • Civilian- 700,000
  • Total: 7,400,000
  • 5 million Soviet Citizens
• William Sebold
  • FBI 
  • Became a spy for Germany
  • Double agent
  • Helped break code for the US