Monday (1-23)- Talked about Trump and crowd size and then about the women. Then people started to present.
1920's slang-
Movies- Jazz singer 1927 had the new hip jazz music in it. Mickey Mouse Steamboat Willie- An american in Paris (Play)
Fads- Jazz music, board games (monopoly, mahjong) magic tricks, dancing, Sigmund Freud.
Fashion Fads- Dutch Boy Cut, flapper Dresses, Gabrielle- "CoCo" chanel, Scarves, Headbands
Stock Market Crash- Rapid growth in loans and bank credit, Took out loans to buy stocks ( people became highly in debt).
Agricultural Recession- Farmers were already experiencing a depression, Prices in crops were extremely low, Farmers were producing too much after the war.
Mismatch of Production and consumption- Too big of a supply not enough to demand it, The Assembly Line
Over- Prices Stocks- Demands for stocks were going up, Middle and lower classes were coming in and they would pay 10% - 20% and put the rest on their credit.
Weakness in banking system- Federal Reserve (failing the system, they weren't set up for this type of withdraw, On average 600 banks failed each year. (They were suppose to be the banks to the banks)
Lack of Government Regulation- Pooling- Rich people buying cheap stocks and selling them for big (Dishonest, margin buyers left with nothing), The stock prices were going up but stocks technically were not.
Tuesday (1-24)- Continue to present
Prohibition made in 1920, organized crime ran the illegal bootlegging operations, Increased crime rate, Made a lot more illegal bars and alcohol related death increased, A large majority of law abiding citizens were purchasing illegal substances , A special police force was formed to control the bootlegging. Organized crime they would hide it everywhere.
Gangsters- Every city had its own leader of organized crime during the 1920. The most famous of these was Al Capone who ran the organized crime in Chicago from 1925 to 1929. Took over after his uncle moved back to Italy. Capone lived a luxurious and lavish lifestyle and was a people person. Capone had a dark side. Was convinced of tax fraud and served six years in prison.
Strikes- Typically a group of workers/ labor unions, stop working as a protest- related to work. Labor Unions- Organization of workers, Come together for a common goal, usually in same trade or profession. Strikes in the 1920's- 4 million workers fires, or left their jobs, Unions labeled a revolutionist and communist. Boston Police Strike- Began on September 9th, 1919. Unions attempted to gain higher wages to adjust for wartime inflation. 1,100 officers went on strike. 3/4 of force removed from city streets. Wanted higher pay, shorter hours, better working conditions. Criminals used this opportunity to loot the city. Entire Massachusetts guard summoned to fill their spots. All officers on strike were fired. New officers rewarded higher pay, additional holidays, free uniforms. Coolidge defended situation- led to his vice presidency. Results- 350,00 dollars property damage, 8 dead, 71 hurt, strikes stopped, 1300 new police offered, 3/4 of officers fired. U.S Steel Strike- sep 19, 1919 through Jan 20, 1920. Began with AFL going on strike against US Steel Corp. Other company workers began to join- 350,00. Raise wages and working conditions after inflation occurs. Demanded higher wages, 8 hours work day, and recognition of unions. Result- 300,000 quit their jobs, workers were beaten, workday reduced to only 8 hours, Union still not fully recognized, Failed after 15 weeks. United Mine Workers Strike- Occurred Nov 1, 1919. Was a nationwide strike- 400,00 miners. Tom Mooney arrested for explosion killing 10 people. Many people protested- pay got docked. Demanded 50% pay raise- 6 hour work days. Fights including guns, dynamite, etc- began. John L. Lewis became leader of UMW- led strike. Wilson condemned strike. Results- 27% wage increase for workers. John L. Lewis became known as a national hero. Progress made in 1930s. Shorter work days. 5 Day works weeks.
Wednesday (1-25)
"New Woman"- Significant changes- politics, home, workplace, education. College Education, Women's College/ Private, women not wanted here. Pink collar jobs, Nurse, teacher.
In politics- Right and duty to take serious part in politics. 19th amendment- women's right to vote, many didn't vote. "Women are not equal to men mentally. More emphasis on social improvement. Wanted to boost different laws, child labors, equal guardianship, eliminate social double standards, etc.
Flappers- Northern, urban, single, middle- class woman. Didn't want to be told what to do, free spirited,. Night life, jazz clubs, vaudeville shows. Day time, they worked hard.
Margaret Sanger- Founder of American Birth Control League 1921, later planned parenthood. Personal Tragedy, her mother gave birth to 18 only 11 lived and she had them in 22 years. Birth Control, educating and providing.
Scopes- Monkey Trial- Dayton, Tennessee, May 1925. American Civil Liberties Union. Butler Law, Darwin's theory wasn't allowed to be taught in schools.
Clarence Darrow- Lawyer. Represented Scopes. Leading member of the American Civil Liberties Union.
William Jennings Bryan- Led the prosecution. Three-time presidential candidate and former secretary amendment to ban the teaching of evolution throughout the nation.
Thursday (1-26)
Economy- Recession of 1920-2. Roarin' 20s, style, economically. Tremendous financial prosperity, stock market, steadily rising GDP and GNP, Buying on Credit, High Tariffs, Low unemployment rates 2.4 percent in 1923.
Recession-Cause we were trying to recover from WWI. Unemployment went from 4% to 12%. GNP dropped 17%. Hoover tried to convince President Harding to consider interventions, he was ignored, Harding's approach was Laissez faire, he cut the government's budget in half, Tax rated were slashed for all , debt was reduced by 1/3. Federal Reserve didn't move to turn the money supply around. Started recovering by the summer of 1921. Unemployment down to 6.7% in 21 and 2.4% inn 23.
Stock Market- The selling of "Shares" of a company so that the people who buy them become owners of a part of the company. The stock owners benefit financially when the company does well. When the company doesn't do well, the stock owners doesn't benefit.
Dow Jones- Indicator tracks about 30 different country to see how well the country doing income wise.
Purpose of DJIA- Both DIJA are gauge on how will the US economy is doing on a daily basis. They look at indexes, or averages, of price movements of different stocks.
New York Stock Exchange- people borrowed money from banks to buy larger amounts of stock. Unable to pay banks back. Buying stock on margin.
GDP- Total value of the goods and services of a country within its borders, for one year. The net income from foreign investments.
Friday (1-27)
High Tariffs- A tax on imported goods and services. They are used to restrict trade. Protect domestic jobs. Protect infant industries. Protect consumers.
Red Scare- The federal government rounded up and deported hundreds of immigrants with "radical political views". Causes= Fears of communism, Russian monarchy was taken over by radical communists 1918. Series of bombings in 1919. Led a campaign against communists, arrested over 6000 people on new Year's Day 1920.
Sacco and Vanzetti Case- Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, Italian- Americans. Convicted of robbery and murder in 1921. They were known radicals. Prejudiced judge and jury. Sentenced to death on April 9, 1927
Anti- Immigration Laws- Immigration Act of 1924. Limited the number of immigrants allowed into the US. 2% of the number of people in each nationality (data from the 1890 census). National Origins Act- Established a set of requirements that discriminated agasint immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe. Asian Exclusion Act
Politics- Elections/ Presidential Backgrounds. 1920- Warren Harding: Born in Ohio, two terms in Ohio legislature, senator. 1924- Calvin Coolidge. 1928- Herbert Hoover.
Republican Philosophies- Rugged Individualism- Hoover, anyone can succeed on their own without the government. Laissez- Faire "without interference", government shouldn't interfere with business. Trickle- down economics- if people who have higher salaries make more, the rest of the economy will benefit. Isolationism- staying away from foreign affairs. Normaley- Harding, political and social order, focusing on America.
Teapot Dome Scandal- Harding's Presidency. Secretary of the interior Albert Bacon Fall. Navy Petroleum being leased to private companies. Considered the biggest scandal in US politics to this point. Named after one of the petroleum sites being leased.
Electricty- Refrigerators, washing machines, vacuum cleaners, used to save time/ allow for other activities. Rise- In 1920 at least 35% of houses had electricity. By 1929 68% did.
Charles Lindbergh- Airmail pilot in 1927- "Lucky Lindy" after being forced to parachute down 4 times. Own customized and self made monoplane: Spirit of St. Louis. from Long island to Paris: without a stop 33 1/2 hours ( 1st solo transatlantic flight)
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